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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

DSM-5

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which includes criteria for diagnosing ADHD.

Inattention

A core symptom of ADHD, characterized by difficulty sustaining attention, careless mistakes, and forgetfulness.

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity

A core symptom of ADHD involving excessive movement, inability to stay seated, and difficulty waiting for one's turn.

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

A subtype of ADHD where the individual primarily exhibits symptoms of inattention.

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation

A subtype of ADHD where the individual primarily displays hyperactive and impulsive behaviors.

Combined Presentation

A subtype of ADHD characterized by a mix of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

Behavioral Inhibition

A cognitive process that involves the ability to suppress responses and control impulses.

Sustained Attention

The ability to maintain focus on a task over time.

Selective Attention

The capacity to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring distractions.

Comorbidity

The presence of one or more additional disorders co-occurring with a primary disorder, such as ADHD.

Etiology

The study of the causation or origin of a disease or disorder, including ADHD.

Developmental Course

The trajectory of ADHD symptoms and their impact on students over time, typically from childhood into adolescence.

Psychosocial Functioning

A term used to describe the interaction between psychological factors and social contexts, particularly regarding individuals with ADHD.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of disorders that include ADHD and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments in personal, social, academic, or other important areas of functioning.

Stimulant Medication

A primary treatment for ADHD which includes drugs like Ritalin and Adderall that promote the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

An evaluation that identifies specific behaviors and their function or purpose to develop effective intervention strategies.

Parent Training (PT)

An intervention strategy aimed at teaching parents effective behavior management techniques to support children with ADHD.

Social Skills Training

A therapeutic approach to teach children with ADHD appropriate social behaviors and interactions.

MTA Study

A landmark study comparing treatment options for children with ADHD, finding that stimulant medications are often more effective than behavioral therapies in the short term.