Year 10 History: Changing Rights and Freedoms, Cold War, and Vietnam War Era

Fill-in-the-blank revision flashcards covering Year 10 History topics including Australian Rights and Freedoms, the US Civil Rights Movement, the Cold War, Australia's role in the Vietnam War, and essential source analysis skills.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations on __________.

10 December 1948

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted primarily in response to the horrors of WWII, especially the __________.

Holocaust

A critical limitation of the UDHR was that it was not __________, allowing signatory countries to continue discriminatory practices.

legally binding

Under the policy of __________, which lasted from the late 1800s to the 1930s, Aboriginal people were relocated onto reserves and missions under strict government control.

Protectionism

The historical policy lasting from 1937 to the mid-1960s that expected Aboriginal people to abandon their culture and live like white Australians was known as __________.

Assimilation

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children forcibly removed from their families by churches and governments from roughly 1910 to 1970 are referred to as the __________.

Stolen Generations

The false legal doctrine that Australia was empty land belonging to no one prior to British arrival in 1788 is known as __________.

Terra nullius

On 26 January 1938, the 150th anniversary of British arrival, Aboriginal activists held the __________ protest at Australian Hall in Sydney.

Day of Mourning

The 1938 Day of Mourning was organised by William Cooper, William Ferguson, and __________.

Jack Patten

In 1966, Vincent Lingiari led Gurindji pastoral workers in a strike over wages, working conditions, and land rights known as the __________.

Wave Hill Walk-off

To demand land rights, Aboriginal activists established the Aboriginal Tent Embassy outside Parliament House in Canberra in the year __________.

1972

In February 1965, Charles Perkins led approximately 30 University of Sydney students on the Australian Freedom Ride under the organisation named __________.

Student Action for Aborigines

During the 1965 Freedom Ride, student activists in Moree focused their protest on desegregating the town's __________.

swimming pool

Aboriginal people were granted the right to vote in federal elections by the Commonwealth Electoral Act in the year __________.

1962

Held on 27 May 1967, the Australian constitutional referendum passed with approximately __________ percent voting Yes.

91%

The 1967 Referendum amended the Australian Constitution to count Aboriginal people in the national census and allow the federal government to __________.

make laws for Aboriginal people

A leading campaigner who played a central role in achieving a Yes vote in the 1967 Referendum was __________.

Faith Bandler

On 3 June 1992, the High Court overturned the concept of terra nullius in the landmark legal case known as the __________.

Mabo decision

The 1997 report investigating the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families was titled the __________.

Bringing Them Home report

On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister __________ delivered a formal apology to the Stolen Generations in federal Parliament.

Kevin Rudd

The United Nations committee responsible for drafting the UDHR was chaired by __________.

Eleanor Roosevelt

When the UDHR was adopted in 1948, the President of the UN General Assembly was Australian diplomat __________.

H.V. Evatt

Under the assimilation policy, certificates granting exemption from restrictive Aboriginal legislation were colloquially nicknamed __________.

dog tags

In February 1939, approximately 200 Aboriginal residents led by Jack Patten walked off the __________ reserve in protest of harsh conditions.

Cummeragunja

Formed in 1958, the major body that led the campaign for the 1967 Referendum was __________.

FCAATSI

In 1963, the Yolngu people of Arnhem Land protested unapproved mining on their land by presenting the __________ to federal Parliament.

Yirrkala bark petitions

The 1975 federal statute that made racial discrimination unlawful in Australia was the __________.

Racial Discrimination Act

The High Court ruled in the 1996 __________ that the granting of pastoral leases did not necessarily extinguish native title.

Wik decision

On 28 May 2000, around 250,000 people showed support for Indigenous reconciliation by walking across the __________.

Sydney Harbour Bridge

National Sorry Day is observed each year on __________ to commemorate members of the Stolen Generations.

26 May

The 2017 Uluru Statement from the Heart called for a First Nations Voice to Parliament to be enshrined in the __________.

Constitution

Voting in Australian federal elections was made compulsory for Aboriginal citizens in the year __________.

1984

In the 1954 ruling Brown v Board of Education, the US Supreme Court determined that segregation in public schools was __________.

unconstitutional

On 1 December 1955, Rosa Parks sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to surrender her bus seat in Montgomery, __________.

Alabama

US Civil Rights Movement leader Martin Luther King Jr was assassinated on __________.

4 April 1968

During the March on Washington on 28 August 1963, Martin Luther King Jr delivered his famous __________ speech to approximately 250,000 attendees.

I Have a Dream

State and local statutes that enforced racial segregation across the southern United States were called __________.

Jim Crow laws

In 1957, federal troops were dispatched to enforce desegregation and protect nine Black students attending high school in Little Rock, __________.

Arkansas

On 7 March 1965, Alabama state troopers attacked voting rights marchers in Selma on a day remembered as __________.

Bloody Sunday

Winston Churchill used the term __________ in 1946 to illustrate the ideological barrier dividing communist Eastern Europe from the capitalist West.

Iron Curtain

The US foreign policy designed to stop the global expansion of communism, established under the 1947 Truman Doctrine, was called __________.

containment

Between June 1948 and May 1949, the Soviet Union restricted all land access to allied sectors of Berlin during the __________.

Berlin Blockade

The geopolitical theory holding that if one Southeast Asian nation fell to communism, surrounding nations would inevitably follow was the __________.

Domino theory

Australia's military posture of confronting security threats in Asia rather than on Australian shores was referred to as __________.

Forward defence

Signed in 1951, the tripartite security treaty connecting Australia, New Zealand, and the United States is the __________.

ANZUS Treaty

Domestic anti-communist anxiety in Australia spiked in 1954 following the defection of Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov during the __________.

Petrov Affair

In 1950, Prime Minister Robert Menzies introduced the __________ in an unsuccessful attempt to outlaw the Australian Communist Party.

Communist Party Dissolution Act

The primary Western military treaty alliance formed under US leadership in April 1949 is __________.

NATO

Formed in 1955, the collective defence alliance of the Soviet Union and communist satellite nations was the __________.

Warsaw Pact

The construction of the concrete barrier known as the Berlin Wall began in __________.

August 1961

In October 1962, Cold War tensions peaked during the __________ after Soviet nuclear missiles were deployed in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Initiated in 1951, the scheme providing regional development aid and university scholarships across Asia to curb communism was the __________.

Colombo Plan

The 1954 Geneva Accords temporarily divided Vietnam into two administrative zones at the __________.

17th parallel

Formed in 1960 to overthrow the South Vietnamese administration, the National Liberation Front (NLF) was commonly called the __________ by US forces.

Viet Cong

Australia sent its first operational commitment to Vietnam in 1962, consisting of 30 military instructors belonging to the __________.

Australian Army Training Team Vietnam

In 1966, Prime Minister Harold Holt declared Australia's commitment to US President Lyndon B. Johnson with the phrase __________.

All the way with LBJ

Under the National Service Act of November 1964, conscription candidates were selected via numbered marbles drawn during a __________.

birthday ballot

Conscription during the Vietnam War sparked intense debate because 20-year-olds were called to serve, yet the legal voting age was __________.

21

An individual who legally refuses armed service based on religious or ethical convictions is known as a __________.

Conscientious objector

Established in 1965 primarily by mothers opposing conscription, the prominent protest group was called __________.

Save Our Sons

On 18 August 1966, 108 Australian soldiers repelled a force of roughly 2,000 enemy combatants during the __________.

Battle of Long Tan

The widespread surprise attacks launched across South Vietnam by communist forces in January 1968 were known as the __________.

Tet Offensive

In May 1970, approximately 200,000 Australians gathered across major cities to oppose the war during the __________.

Moratorium marches

Military conscription in Australia was formally abolished in December 1972 following the election of the __________.

Whitlam government

The Vietnam War concluded on 30 April 1975 when North Vietnamese forces seized control of the southern capital during the __________.

Fall of Saigon

Throughout the conflict, approximately 60,000 Australians served in Vietnam and roughly __________ personnel were killed.

520

The toxic chemical defoliant used by US forces to clear jungle cover and destroy crops in Vietnam was __________.

Agent Orange

The primary logistics network connecting North Vietnam to southern combat zones through Laos and Cambodia was the __________.

Ho Chi Minh Trail

French colonial control in Indochina effectively ended in May 1954 after Viet Minh forces secured victory at the Battle of __________.

Dien Bien Phu

From 1966, the primary operational garrison for the 1st Australian Task Force in Phuoc Tuy province was established at __________.

Nui Dat

In March 1968, US troops killed hundreds of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians during the __________.

My Lai massacre

President Richard Nixon's strategic framework of transferring military responsibilities to South Vietnamese forces while withdrawing US troops was known as __________.

Vietnamisation

Australian Vietnam War veterans received overdue public celebration and formal recognition during the October 1987 __________ held in Sydney.

Welcome Home parade

A historical text or artefact originating directly from the era under historical examination is designated as a __________.

Primary source

The analytical practice of verifying the claims of a historical source against other contemporary records is known as __________.

Corroboration