urbainizafiom vocab

ellis island

Immigration station in New York Harbor where millions of immigrants were processed.

angel island

Immigration station in California that processed mainly Asian immigrants.

melting pot

A society where people from different cultures blend together.

nativism

The belief that native-born Americans should be favored over immigrants.

Chinese exclusion act

1882 law that banned most Chinese immigration to the U.S.

gentlemen’s agreement

An agreement between the U.S. and Japan that limited Japanese immigration.

urbanization

The growth of cities as more people move into them.

americanization movement

An effort to teach immigrants American culture and customs.

tenement

A crowded apartment building where many poor families lived.

Social stratification

Dividing society into different social and economic classes.

mass transit

Public transportation that moves large numbers of people.

social gospel movement

A religious movement that worked to improve conditions for the poor.

settlement house

A community center that provided services to immigrants and the poor.

Jane Adams

A reformer who helped the poor and founded Hull House.

social mobility

The ability to move up or down in social and economic class.

political machine

An organized group that controlled a city’s politics and government.

graft

Using political power illegally for personal gain.

boss Tweed

A powerful and corrupt political boss in New York City.

patronage

Giving government jobs to people in return for political support.

civil service

Government jobs that are filled based on qualifications.

rutherford B hayes

President who tried to reform the federal government and civil service.

James, a Garfield

President whose assassination increased support for civil service reform.

Chester A. Arthur

President who supported major civil service reform

Pendleton civil service act

Law that required some government jobs to be based on merit.

Grover Cleveland

President who supported reforms against government corruption.

Benjamin Harrison

President who supported civil service reform during his administration.

Luis Sullivan

Architect known for designing some of the first skyscrapers.

Daniel Burnham

Architect and city planner who helped improve American cities.

Frederick Law Olmsted

Landscape architect famous for designing urban parks.

Orville in Wilbur Wright

Brothers who built and flew the first successful powered airplane.

George Eastman

Inventor who made photography easier and more affordable.

ashcan school

A group of artists who showed realistic scenes of everyday city life.

pragmatism

The belief that ideas should be judged by how well they work in real life.

Mark Twain

Famous American author known for writing about American life and society.

Joseph pulitzer

Newspaper publisher who used sensational stories to attract readers.

William Randolph hearst

Powerful newspaper publisher known for sensational journalism.

Rural free delivery (RFD

Postal service that delivered mail directly to people living in rural areas.