Endocardial, Valvular, Epicardial/Pericardial Diseases

what is the function of valves

separate portions of the heart

hematocysts and lymphocysts occur most commonly in

ruminants

what are hematocysts

benign blood cyst

what are lymphocysts

lymph filled cysts

hematocysts and lymphocytes can

rupture and regress on their own

not associated with functional abnormalities

what is endocardial mineralization

variable sized coalescing, gritty white plaques associated with the endocardium of valve leaflets

deposits of calcification!

what can cause endocardial mineralization

Vit D (rodenticides and plants)

granulomatous disease (Johnes disease and systemic fungal diseases)

Uremia due to P: Ca imbalance

what is ulcerative endocarditis

injury to endothelium, heals with fibrosis and mineralization and chronically dilated atria

caused by uremia

what species and where is ulcerative endocarditis normally seen

dogs, left atrium!

vegetative valvular endocarditis is

not benign!

vegetative valvular endocarditis results from

chronic bacterial infections

what is seen in vegetative valvular endocarditis

large adhered, tan to mottled red, irregular and rough friable vegetations (nodules) associated with the heart valves

pieces will break off form emboli that go downstream

in horses, VVE is a result of

jugular vein thromboses from catheterization

more often tricuspid valve

what valve does VVE commonly occur in

mitral

what is valvular endocardiosis

degenerative condition common in middle aged to older dogs

MALES

where does valvular endocardiosis occur most commonly

mitral valve most common!!

can also be bivalvular with mitral and tricuspid

what breed is valvular endocardiosis most common

cavalier king charles spaniel

what will be seen in valvular endocardiosis

smooth raise of white to coalescing nodular thickenings associated with AV valve leaflets

causes dilated cardiomyopathy

fibrinosuppurative pericarditis is typically a result of

bacterial septicemia

what are examples conditions that cause pericarditis

C. chauveoi/ black leg

Glasser's disease in pigs

Hardware disease in cattle

visceral gout

what causes visceral gout

dehydration

+/- renal disease

visceral gout is from

deposits of uric acid

visceral gout is common in what species

avian and reptiles

what causes epicardial mineralization

Vit E/ Selenium deficiency

Vit D toxicosis

Hereditary in mice and hamsters

Spontaneous in rats and guinea pigs

serous atrophy of fat occurs in

emaciated or cachexic states