ENG 202 Midterm (add: Different meters, sonnets and their rhyme scheme)

start from day 6

Text

the object you’re studying critically

Formalist criticism

Focuses on the form and the text itself, criticism that engages the internal aspects of the texts

Confessional poetry

Type of poetry (not a form) that’s particularly autobiographical

Intentional fallacy

Assuming the author knows everything about they’ve written, that everything they did is intentional

Primary text

the one you’re focusing on

Secondary text

the one(s) you’re using to as a means to understand the primary text

Critical Texts

a type of secondary text; examines the primary text overtly, it names the primary text.

Historical/Cultural/Biographical/ Theoretical texts

a type of secondary text; found in books or data or anywhere, really.

Material context

a type of secondary text; The stuff itself. Pages in books/periodicals are physical objects. The text has a texture. You can touch it.

Form

the manner in which a poem is composed as distinct from what the poem is about.

prepositions

show relations (on, in, above, until, unless, under, inside,etc.)

Metaphor

a direct comparison between 2 unlike things

simile

uses “like” or “as” to bring 2 words together

Enjambment

When a poetic line carries over its thought or grammatical clause to the next line.

personification

“[A] manner of speech endowing things or abstractions with life.

Anthropomorphism

giving abstract things human form or shape

Pathetic fallacy

The attribution of human EMOTION or RESPONSES to non-human things

parataxis

the placement of clauses one after another, without no prepositions between (ex: I came, I saw, I conquered.)

prosody

elements and structures involved in the rhythmic or dynamic aspects of speech

aspects of poetic prosody

rhyme scheme & meter

Kenning

An implied simile

reference

a direction mention

allusion

a tacit, implied reference rather than an explicit one

conceit

an often unconventional, logically complex, or surprising metaphor

apostrophe

an address to a person that’s not there or an abstract thing

masculine rhyme

single syllable

fem rhyme

multiple syllables

caesura

a pause or a breathing place in the middle of the metrical line

ekphrasis

erbal/written description of a visual object, such as a painting

parts of a metaphor

tenor - idea being communicated, vehicle - how it’s being communicated

synecdoche

part being substituted for whole (all hands on deck, hands = sailors)

metonymy

one word/phrase is substituted for another on the basis of some material, causal, or conceptual relationship

meter

pattern of poetic rythm

volta

the turn of thought or argument, and may somehow employ the poetic conceit

petrarchan rhyme scheme

ABBAABBA CD CD CD or ABBA ABBA CDE CDE

Villanelle

19 lines, 1st and 3rd lines repeat

Villanelle rhyme scheme

ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAA

Ballade form

3 octaves + quatrain envoy

Ballade rhyme scheme

ABABBCBC (3x) + BCBC

free verse

Nonmetrical, nonrhyming lines that closely follow the natural rhythms of speech.

Intertexuality

The theory that texts are informed by

and comprised of other texts

Paratext

Attached to the poem but not a part of it