HESI A2 2024: Real Exam Questions & Answers + Proctored Exam Help by ExamSharks. com

Question: When assessing a female client who describes herself as a strict vegetarian, the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amounts of:

A. Spinach and mustard greens (Correct Answer)

B. Carrots and squash

C. Rice and eggs

D. Turnips and beets

Correct Answer: A. Spinach and mustard greens

Explanation: Spinach and mustard greens are rich in beta-carotene, which can cause an unusual skin color when consumed in excess.

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Question: What structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A. Renal pelvis

B. Renal column

C. Urethra

D. Ureter

Correct Answer: D. Ureter

Explanation:

The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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Question: The genetic code carried on macromolecules is called:

A. RNA

B. DNA

C. Nucleotides

D. Chromosomes

Correct Answer: B. DNA

Explanation: DNA contains the genetic code necessary for protein synthesis and other cellular functions.

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Question: What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

A. Pivot

B. Saddle

C. Hinge

D. Ball and socket

Correct Answer: C. Hinge

Explanation: The elbow is a hinge joint, allowing flexion and extension.

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Question: If you broke the distal end of the two bones that articulate with the carpals, which bones did you break?

A. Humerus and radius

B. Metacarpals and phalanx

C. Humerus and ulna

D. Ulna and radius

Correct Answer: D. Ulna and radius

Explanation: The ulna and radius are the two bones that articulate with the carpals at the wrist.

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Question: Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?

A. Lungs

B. Mouth

C. Skull

D. Ear

Correct Answer: D. Ear

Explanation: The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones located in the ear and are responsible for sound transmission.

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Question: What is the function of the thrombocytes?

A. Play a role in blood clotting

B. Form connective tissue

C. Defend against infection

D. Transport respiratory gases

Correct Answer: A. Play a role in blood clotting

Explanation: Thrombocytes, or platelets, help in the blood clotting process.

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Question: What is the correct sequence of repair as a fractured bone goes through the healing process?

A. Callus formation, callus ossification, hematoma formation, bone remodeling

B. Callus formation, callus ossification, bone remodeling, hematoma formation

C. Hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, bone remodeling

D. Bone remodeling, hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation

Correct Answer: C. Hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, bone remodeling

Explanation: The healing process involves hematoma formation first, followed by callus formation and ossification, and finally, bone remodeling.

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Question: Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?

A. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

B. Lactic acid (Correct Answer)

C. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

D. Creatine-phosphate

Correct Answer: B. Lactic acid

Explanation: Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration and causes muscle fatigue and a burning sensation.

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Question: Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?

A. Urethra (Correct Answer)

B. Ureter

C. Testes

D. Epididymis

Correct Answer: A. UrethraExplanation:

The urethra is shared by the male reproductive and urinary systems, serving as a passage for urine and semen.

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In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytes?

B. Vacuoles

C. Endoplasmic reticulum

D. Golgi apparatus

Correct Answer: A. Lysosomes

Explanation: Lysosomes in white blood cells contain enzymes that digest foreign particles, aiding in phagocytosis.

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Which type of skin cancer can be recognized in the lesion's character based on the ABCD rule?

A. Squamous cell carcinoma

B. Basal cell carcinoma

C. Sarcoma

Correct Answer: D. Melanoma

Explanation: Melanoma can be identified using the ABCD rule, which stands for Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Diameter.

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What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Increased:

A. Pancreatic activity

C. Gastrointestinal activity

D. Uterine activity

Correct Answer: B. Cardiac output

Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output during the "fight or flight" response.

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Which skin structures are responsible for fingerprints?

A. Sudoriferous glands

B. Merkel cells

D. Arrector pili

Correct Answer: C. Dermal papillae

Explanation: Dermal papillae are responsible for creating the unique ridges in fingerprints.

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What are like cells grouped together called?

A. A membrane

B. A system

C. An organ

Correct Answer: D. A tissue

Explanation: Groups of similar cells are organized into tissues in the body.

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Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

B. They release their secretions on an internal or external surface

C. They secrete their products into ducts

D. They include the salivary glands

Correct Answer: A. They secrete chemicals into the blood

Explanation: Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions.

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Which hand position describes the anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

B. Palms of the hands facing posteriorly

C. Palms of the hand facing laterally

D. Palms of the hand facing medially

Correct Answer: A. Palms of the hand facing anteriorly

Explanation: In the anatomical position, the palms face forward (anteriorly).

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The urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs are found in which cavity?

A. Thoracic cavity

B. Abdominal cavity

C. Pleural cavity

Correct Answer: D. Pelvic cavity

Explanation: The pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs.

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Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the side surface of the lower extremity?

A. Rectus femoris

B. Gastrocnemius

C. Anterior tibialis

Correct Answer: D. Vastus lateralis

Explanation: The vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group, located on the side of the thigh. ExamSharks. com is your trusted partner for passing proctored exams.

Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?

B. Vertebrae

C. Bones of the pelvic girdle

D. Long bones of arms and legs

Correct Answer: A. Flat bones of the skull

Explanation: Flat bones like those in the skull form via intramembranous ossification.

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What cavity of the heart normally has the thickest wall?

A. Left atrium

B. Right atrium

D. Right ventricle

Correct Answer: C. Left ventricle

Explanation: The left ventricle has the thickest wall because it pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body, requiring more force.

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Ceruminous glands secrete:

A. mucus

B. keratin

C. sebum

Correct Answer: D. Ear wax

Explanation: Ceruminous glands produce earwax, which protects the ear canal from bacteria and debris.

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The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

A. Posterior tibial

B. Dorsalis pedis

C. Femoral

Correct Answer: D. Popliteal

Explanation: The popliteal artery is located behind the knee and is often checked during physical exams for circulation issues.

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Where is blood produced in infants after birth?

A. Heart

B. Sinusoids of the liver

D. Red pulp in the spleen

Correct Answer: C. Red bone marrow

Explanation: Blood is produced in the red bone marrow after birth through hematopoiesis (blood cell formation).

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The stomach contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes. Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?

A. The digestive enzymes in the stomach are not strong enough.

B. The rugae lining of the stomach is too tough to be attacked by digestive enzymes.

C. The stomach wall is not composed of protein, so the digestive enzymes do not attack it.

Correct Answer: D. The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

Explanation: The stomach's mucus lining prevents digestive enzymes and acids from breaking down the stomach tissue.

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Which structure is a ball and socket joint?

A. Ankle

C. Knee

D. Elbow

Correct Answer: B. Shoulder

Explanation: The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of movement.

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What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

A. Serum potassium retention increases.

B. The tubules become impermeable to water.

D. Large quantities of dilute urine are formed.

Correct Answer: C. Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate.

Explanation: ADH increases the kidney's permeability, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

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Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?

B. The cell's cytoplasm

C. The nuclear membrane

D. The cell wall

Correct Answer: A. The cell membrane

Explanation: The cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

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Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

A. Esophagus

B. Small intestine

C. Stomach

Correct Answer: D. Oral cavity

Explanation: Digestion begins in the mouth (oral cavity) where enzymes in saliva start breaking down food.

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Which structure is located on the sternum?

A. Sesamoid bone

B. Ossa coxae

D. Hyoid bone

Correct Answer: C. Xiphoid process

Explanation: The xiphoid process is a small extension at the lower part of the sternum.

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