History vocab 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4

The American Revolution

a British policy in the early 1700s that allowed the colonies virtual self-rule as long as Great Britain profited economically

Salutary neglect

1765 law passed by Parliament that required colonists to pay taxes on printed materials

Stamp Act

A prominent Massachusetts lawyer who spoke out against taxes

John Adams

A young Virginia representative. He argued that only colonial legislatures had the right to tax the colonists

Patrick Henry

organization of colonists formed in opposition to the Stamp Act and other British laws and taxes

Sons of Liberty

incident on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers killed five colonists in Boston

Boston Massacre

protested against British taxes in which Bostonian protestors dumped tea into the harbor on December 16, 1773

Boston Tea Party

American name for the Coercive Acts, which Parliament passed in 1774 to control the colonies

Intolerable Acts

group of delegates representing all the American colonies, except Georgia, that met in 1774

First Continental Congress

(AKA Haudenosaunce) Group of American Indian peoples who lived in Upstate New York and neighboring lands. Including Cayuga, Cherokee, Huron, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, etc., who shared a language, family, and certain ways of life

Iroquois

In 1752 he accepted an appointment to the military as an officer. 2 years later he led a company to drive out the French from Fort Duquesne

George Washington

War fought from 1754-1763 in which Britain and its colonists defeated France and its American Indian allies, gaining control of eastern North America

French and Indian War

British commander during the French and Indian War. In 1754, he came to Virginia to lead British forces on the continent. His forces were defeated on fort Duquesne and he was killed

Edward Braddock

Uprising in 1763 by American Indians in the Great Lakes region

Pontiac’s rebellion

Declaration by British King ordering all colonists to remain east of Appalachian Mountains

Proclamation of 1763

Helped found the US. Colonial leader who helped organize Albany Plan of Union during French and Indian War, which proposed that the colonies unite for defense against France and its Native American Allies

Benjamin Franklin

Rode through countryside to Concord warning colonists and Patriots to arms when British approached Boston; night recorded later in the poem “______ midnight ride.”

Paul Revere

trained citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency

militia

colonists who reminded loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War

loyalists

assembly of delegates representing every colony that met in 1775 in Philadelphia following the Battles of Lexington and Concord

Second Continental Congress

Army that represented the colonies during the Revolutionary War

Continental Army

English-american author and political thinker who moved to Philadelphia. Best known for his influential pamphlet (Common Sense) which helped bring support to the Patriot cause

Thomas Paine

Form of government in which officials are elected by the people

Republic

Document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress, and approved in 1776, that announced American independence and explained the reasons for it

Declaration of Independence

Joined the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1768 and began advocating for American independence in 1770’s. Represented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress; during which time he drafted/revised the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

Universal rights, such as life and liberty, that derive from nature rather than from government, according to philosophers

Natural rights

Served as commander-in-chief of the British army from 1776-1778. He resigned his command after failing to defeat Washington’s forces at Valley Forge

William Howe

professional solider who is paid to fight in a foreign country

mercenary

1776 Revolutionary War battle in New Jersey, won by the Continental army

Battle of Trenton

General sent from Britain to combat the Continental Army. Won key victories in New Jersey and South Carolina, but he was trapped with his forces at Yorktown in 1781, where he surrendered to General Washington

Charles Cornwallis

French aristocrat who joined American Patriot cause. Fought under George Washington. Returned to France to Persuade the King to send French forces to help Americans. He returned to command Patriot forces in Virginia and helped trap British under Cornwallis at Yorktown

Marquis de Lafeyette

location in Pennsylvania where General Washington’s army spent a difficult winter in 1777-1778

Valley Forge

1780 Revolutionary War battle in South Carolina in which Patriots defeated a Loyalist militia

Kings Mountain

Site in Virginia where in 1781, General Cornwallis’s British forces surrendered to General Washington

Yorktown

1783 peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and affirmed American Independence

Treaty of Paris

the act of freeing someone from slavery

manumission