Pathology and Histopathology Laboratory Exam Review

Vocabulary practice cards providing definitions and pathological characteristics for the clinical pathology and histopathology microscopic slide collection.

Atrophia fusca myocardii

Brown atrophy of the myocardium; a cellular adaptation characterized by cardiac muscle shrinkage and the intracellular accumulation of lipofuscin (wear-and-tear pigment).

Steatosis hepatis

Fatty liver; the abnormal intracellular accumulation of triglycerides and other lipids within hepatocytes.

Lipomatosis cordis

Fatty infiltration of the heart; characterized by the non-destructive ingrowth and accumulation of mature adipocytes into the myocardial interstitium.

Anthracosis pulmonis

The deposition and accumulation of inhaled exogenous carbon and coal dust particles in pulmonary macrophages and interstitial lymphatic tissue.

Bronchopneumonia purulenta

Suppurative bronchopneumonia; acute bacterial lung inflammation presenting with patchy consolidation and purulent exudate rich in neutrophils filling the bronchioles and adjacent alveoli.

Actinomycosis

A chronic granulomatous and suppurative bacterial infection caused by filamentous Actinomyces species, characterized by abscess formation, sinus tracts, and sulfur granules.

Granuloma corporis alieni

Foreign body granuloma; a chronic granulomatous reaction provoked by non-immunogenic, insoluble foreign material characterized by foreign body multinucleated giant cells.

Sarcoidosis

A systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas in multiple organs, predominantly the lungs and lymph nodes.

Thrombus venae in organisationem

Organizing venous thrombus; a healing intravascular blood clot undergoing fibroblast ingrowth, endothelial proliferation, capillary formation, and recanalization.

Infarctus haemoragicus pulmonis

Hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction; ischemic tissue necrosis accompanied by substantial intra-alveolar hemorrhage, typically resulting from pulmonary thromboembolism in congested lung tissue.

Keratosis seborrhoica

Seborrheic keratosis; a benign epidermal neoplasm composed of basaloid cells with hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and characteristic intraepidermal horn and pseudohorn cysts.

Leiomyosarcoma

A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm derived from smooth muscle cells, characterized by intersecting fascicles of atypical spindle cells, pleomorphism, and prominent mitotic figures.

Atheromatosis aortae

Aortic atherosclerosis; the formation of fibro-fatty intimal plaques containing a core of lipid, cholesterol clefts, necrotic debris, and a fibrous cap within the aortic wall.

Membrane hylineae pulmonum (ARDS)

Hyaline membranes of the lungs seen in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; eosinophilic, fibrin- and protein-rich membranes lining dilated alveolar ducts due to diffuse alveolar capillary-endothelial damage.

Ulcus chronicum pepticum gasteri et duodeni

Chronic peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; a deep mucosal defect penetrating through the muscularis mucosae, characterized by necrotic debris, inflammatory exudate, granulation tissue, and fibrous scarring.

Cirrhosis hepatis

Hepatic cirrhosis; diffuse, chronic progressive liver damage defined by architectural disruption, bridging fibrous septa, and regenerative parenchymal nodules.

Wilmsov tumor

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma); a common malignant pediatric renal neoplasm classically exhibiting a triphasic pattern of blastemal, epithelial, and stromal cells.

Pheochromocytoma

A neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal medulla arising from chromaffin cells that secretes excess catecholamines, histologically organized in characteristic nested clusters (Zellballen).

Encephalomalatia alba

Pale/white cerebral softening; liquefactive tissue necrosis of the brain without extravasated blood, resulting from complete acute arterial occlusion and cerebral ischemia.

Fibroadenoma mammae

A benign, biphasic breast tumor common in young women, composed of proliferated glandular epithelial elements and fibrous stromal connective tissue.

Hyperplasia nodularis prostatae

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); non-malignant nodular enlargement of glandular and stromal prostatic tissue, characteristically involving the periurethral and transition zones.

Pulpitis chronica hyperplastica seu poliposa

Pulp polyp; an exuberant proliferation of chronic inflammatory granulation tissue protruding from the open pulp chamber of an extensively decayed tooth, covered by stratified squamous epithelium.

Epulis gigantocellulare

Peripheral giant cell granuloma; a reactive extraosseous gingival mass composed of numerous multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells embedded within an abundant vascular and fibroblastic stroma.

Cystis radicularis

Radicular (periapical) cyst; the most common odontogenic inflammatory cyst arising from the rests of Malassez within an apical periodontal granuloma secondary to pulpal necrosis.

Keratocystis

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC); an aggressive odontogenic cyst lined by a uniform, parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with prominent palisaded, hyperchromatic basal nuclei and a corrugated luminal surface.

Adenoma pleomorphae

Pleomorphic adenoma; the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm, displaying architectural heterogeneity with ductal epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and chondroid or myxoid matrix.

Warthin tumor

Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum; a benign salivary gland tumor featuring papillary projections lined by a bilayered oncocytic epithelium overlying a prominent reactive lymphoid stroma with germinal centers.

Ameloblastoma

A locally destructive benign odontogenic neoplasm composed of follicular or plexiform epithelial islands exhibiting peripheral palisading of ameloblast-like columnar cells and central stellate reticulum-like tissue.

Pindborg tumor

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT); a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm characterized by sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells, intracellular bridges, eosinophilic amyloid-like deposits, and calcified Liesegang rings.

Osteosarcoma

A highly malignant primary bone neoplasm characterized by the direct production of osteoid (unmineralized bone matrix) or immature woven bone by atypical mesenchymal cells.

MALT lymphoma

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, developing in organs exposed to persistent antigenic or autoimmune stimulation.

Carcinoma basocellulare

Basal cell carcinoma; a slow-growing, locally invasive malignant skin tumor composed of nests of hyperchromatic basaloid cells with peripheral nuclear palisading and stromal retraction artifacts.

Melanoma malignum

A malignant neoplasm of melanocytes characterized by cellular pleomorphism, nuclear atypia, aberrant mitotic figures, variable melanin synthesis, and prominent invasive behavior.

Keratoacanthoma

A rapidly growing, well-differentiated squamous epithelial cutaneous tumor featuring a distinctive cup-shaped lesion with a central, crater-like keratin plug.