Nutrition

Roughages

What kind of feedstuff is high in fiber

Roughages

What kind of feedstuff is low in digestibility

Roughages

What kind of feedstuff involves alfalfa, grass, straw, silage

Concentrates

What kind of feedstuff involves corn, wheat, barley, oats, milo, and molasses?

Concentrates

What kind of feedstuff is highly digestible?

To preserve the feed longer

Why are silages stored in anaerobic conditions?

Water, Carbohydrates, Fats/oils, Proteins, Minerals, vitamins

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

Water

What class of nutrients is needed for metabolic functions?

Water

What class of nutrients transports nutrients, maintains body temperature, and gives body its shape

Moisture

The amount of water in feed

C, H, O

What elements are in all carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

Fructose, glucose, and galactose are all examples of

Disaccharides

lactose, maltose, sucrose are all examples of

Polysaccharides

Cellulose, glycogen, starch, hemicellulose are all examples of

Disaccharides

What is it called when 2 sugars are combined together?

Polysaccharides

What is it called when 2+ sugars are combined?

Monogastric diets

what type of diet breaks down starch into glucose (pigs, chickens)

Ruminant diets

What type of diet takes the cellulose in forages and digests them in the rumen?

Microbes

What digests cellulose in the rumen

C, H, O

What elements are found in Fats/oils

2.25 times

how much more times of energy do u get from fats/oil than you get from carbs?

Saturated

What type of fat is animal originated and has a single carbon bond?

Unsaturated

What type of fat is plant originated and has at least 1 double carbon bond

Polyunsaturated

When there is more than 1 double carbon bond in fats

Linoleic and alpha linolenic

What are the essential fatty acids

Nitrogen

What element besides C, H, O is only found in proteins

Proteins

What class of nutrition builds muscle, bones, connective tissue, milk and helps tissue repair

Amino Acids

What are the basic building blocks for proteins?

Non-essential amino acids

What amino acids do we not have to specifically feed to livestock?

Lysine, methionine, tryptophan

What are the limiting amino acids

Taurine

What amino acid is only essential to cats?

Minerals

What class of nutrition is organic and contains no Carbon

Minerals

What helps regulate the acid-base balance in the body

Minerals

What helps body, metabolic and enzyme functions

macro-

What is large amounts of minerals

micro-

what is smaller amounts of minerals

Ca, P

What elements do we need to feed macro amounts to our livestock?

Dicalcium Phosphate

What is fed to animals when they are lacking Calcium or Phosphorus?

has a negative impact on the environment

Why don't we want to over feed phosphorus to our livestock?

they can develop rickets or osteomalacia

What happens when an animal has a deficiency of calcium

Phytase

What enzyme helps break down phosphorus in the body?

K

What mineral is used for muscle contractions?

Potassium Chloride

What is given to animals when they have a potassium deficiency?

Pica

What is an effect of potassium deficiency

Mg

what mineral helps to activate enzymes

Magnesium oxide

What can be given to an animal when they are lacking magnesium

Grass tetany

What happens when cattle have a low magnesium level (spring time)

Sodium Chloride

What mineral is needed for osmotic pressure and water balance

Reduced growth

What is an effect of a deficiency of Sodium Chloride?

Reduces intake

What happens when an animal has too much salt intake?

S

What mineral is used for amino acids and B-vitamins

Sodium sulfate

What can be given to animals when they have a deficiency of sulfur

Polio

what happens when an animal has too much sulfur intake?

Distiller grains

what feed is high in sulfur

Zn

what mineral helps with enzymes, skin and reproduction

Zinc oxide

What can be fed to animals when they need more zinc?

Parakeratosis

what happens when an animal has a deficiency of zinc?

Blue

What color is copper sulfate?

Cu

what mineral helps with enzymes and iron absorption

Copper sulfate

what is fed to animals when they have a deficiency of Copper

Sheep

What type of animal can't consume Copper or they will die?

Fe

What aids in hemoglobin, and the transportation of oxygen in RBC's

Injectable or orally

how is iron given to animas?

Anemia

What happens when there is a deficiency of iron

I

What mineral helps in the thyroid, hormones, and helps regulate metabolism

EDDI

What is given to animals when they have an iodine deficiency?

Goiter

abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet

Se

What mineral helps enzymes and protects cells from damage?

White muscle disease

What happens when there is a deficiency of selenium?

Fat Soluble Vitamins

What vitamins are fed to all livestock?

A, D, E, K

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Water soluble vitamins

What vitamins are fed to the monogastric animals?

They can make their own

why do ruminant animals not need to be fed water soluble vitamins

Vitamin A

What type of vitamin helps with the eyes

B-carotene

What plant pigment can be converted to vitamin A

Vitamin D

What vitamin is produced by animals with access to sunlight

Vitamin D

What vitamin is needed to help absorb Calcium and Phosphorus

Rickets

What is caused by the lack of Vitamin D which results in the lack of Ca and P absorption

Vitamin E

what vitamin is an Antioxidant in intracellular membranes and protects cells

Vitamin E

What vitamin is associated with selenium

Vitamin K

What vitamin helps with blood clotting

Prolonged bleeding

What happens when you are lacking vitamin K?