vce biology 3/4

amino acids

monomers of proteins

amine group

NH2 part of amino acids

variable R group

the part that differentiates amino acids

condensation polymerisation

amino acids join together to create a polypeptide chain via condensation reactions

peptide bond

form between amino acids and also create water

polymer

something made of repeating subunits (monomers)

primary structure

order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

secondary structure

formation of alpha helices, beta pleated sheets or random coils

bonds in secondary structure

Hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acids

random coils

irregular portions of secondary structures that join alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

tertiary structure

formation of a 3d structure of a protein

quaternary structure

2 or more tertiary structures join

prosthetic group

non-protein of organic factor that are essential for protein function

protein secretory pathway

ribosome, rough er, transport vesicle, Golgi body, secretory vesicle, cell membrane

ribosomes

site where proteins are synthesised during translation, assemble polypeptide chains

rough endoplasmic reticulum

protein is transported through the lumen where it is modified

transport vesicle

form by budding of the RER and proteins are packaged for protection

Golgi body

site of protein sorting, packaging and modification

secretory vesicle

form by budding of Golgi body and leave the cell through exocytosis

nucleotide

nucleic acid monomer

deoxyribonucleotide

monomer of DNA

ribonucleotide

monomer of RNA

phosphate group

PO₄^3-

pentose sugar

5 carbons and central to a nucleotide

adenine

purine nitrogenous base, pairs with thymine in dna and uracil in rna

thymine

pyrimidine nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in dna and replaces by uracil in rna

guanine

purine nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine in both dna and rna

cytosine

pyrimidine nitrogenous base pairs with guanine in both DNA and rna

uracil

pyrimidine nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in rna and does not exist in dna