Grade 7 Social Sciences: Trade, Transport, and the Outbreak of World War I

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing global trade, modes of transport, and the causes and alliances of World War I based on lecture notes.

Trade

The exchange of goods or labour between individuals, companies, or countries.

International trade

Trade that takes place between different countries, involving the buying of imports and the selling of exports.

Imports

Goods that come into a country from another country.

Exports

Goods that leave a country to be sold elsewhere.

Labour

Work that people do, often traded for money to buy the things they need.

Spoiling

Going bad or rotting, especially in reference to food.

Container ships

Ships designed to carry large, lockable metal boxes packed with goods, which significantly decreased international shipping costs.

Refrigerated transport

A system of transport, including refrigerated trucks and ships, that keeps food fresh so farmers can transport goods worldwide without spoiling.

Mode

A way or manner in which something is done, such as different forms of transport on land, in the air, or across the sea.

Oil refineries

Large factories where crude oil is processed into various fuels such as petrol, diesel, and paraffin.

Commodity

Something that is bought and sold in trade.

Oil tankers

Specialised ships containing giant internal tanks that carry millions of tonnes of crude oil to refineries, accounting for $30\%$ of global sea transport trade.

Manufacturing

The process of making products from raw materials.

Rivals

Enemies or opposing parties competing against each other.

Kaiser

The German title for a king or emperor.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, leading citizens to support their nation and be prepared to fight for it.

Dreadnought

A formidable British warship featuring an armoured deck and fast-firing heavy guns, whose name translates to 'fear nothing' and which sparked the Anglo-German naval race.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

The king of Germany during World War I and cousin of King George V of England.

King George V

The British king during the era of World War I and cousin of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.

Balkans

A large peninsula situated in south-eastern Europe containing the Balkan Mountain Range.

Ottoman Empire

Another historical name for Turkey at the height of its power when it controlled other nations and territories.

Slav

A person from Eastern Europe who speaks a Slavonic language.

Habsburg

The royal family that ruled over the Austrian Empire.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The heir to the Austrian throne who was assassinated alongside his wife, Sophie, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.

Black Hand

A Serbian military group that aimed to remove Austrian control and influence from the Balkans.

Gavrilo Princip

A Serb nationalist and member of the Black Hand who shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie in Sarajevo.

Assassination

The planned murder of a prominent public figure.

Alliance

A formal agreement between countries or groups to work together and cooperate for a shared purpose or goal.

Allied Powers

The coalition in World War I initially formed by Britain, France, Italy, and Russia, later joined by the United States.

Central Powers

The opposing coalition in World War I consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey.

Tsar

The title used for the monarch or king of Russia.

Tsar Nicholas II

The leader of Russia during the First World War who was overthrown prior to Russia withdrawing from the war in 1917.