Social Psychology

aggression

behavior whose purpose is to hurt another
- proactive aggression: planned and purposeful
- reactive aggression: spontaneous in response to a negative affective state

frustration-aggression hypothesis

animals aggress when goals are obstructed

group polarization

groups make more extreme decisions than individuals

groupthink

diminishing individuality for harmonys

social loafing

무임승차

behavioral confirmation

behave as observers expect you to behave

perceptual confirmation

observe what is expected to be seen

differences between humans and chimps - social

- humans point
- humans teach thoroughly
- humans cooperate
chimps are extremely reluctant to share

three aspects of social psychology

- social motivation
- social capacity
- social cognition by default

social motivation

- more difficult to make selfish decision
- altruism even when anonymous
- early emergence of prosocial (helpful) behavior
- social exclusion is painful - anterior cingulate cortex (same as physical pain)

social capacity

- humans try to infer other's state to explain behavior
- theory of mind (attempting to mind read)
- false belief test (sally anne)
- autism spectrum disorder has deficit in social abilitiessoc

social cognition by default

- perceiving social situation even in object by inference in mental state
- brain parts specialized for socializing are chronically activated
- humans gravitate towards mental explanation rather than situational

attribution

making inferences about the cause of the behavior

internal cause vs external cause

correspondence bias (fundamental attribution error)

human tendency to weigh internal cause more and assume it is from their true feeling

cultural learning

transmission of acquired information both within nd across generationv

vectors of transmission

- family
- institutions
- other people
- etc

culture learning comes with extreme costs

- freud - self domestication (inhibition of impulses)
we do things the way our parents do
- overimitation in children
civilization requires that we be "tamed"
- conformity: tendency to do what others do - diffusion of responsibility / bystander effect
- obedience to authority - Milgram electrical shocking experiment, Stanford Prison Experiment
- consistency: foot in the door

attraction factors

- situational - mere exposure effect
- physical - physical attractiveness
- psychological - similarity to us is attractive

interpersonal perception

- category-based inferences: stereotypes about categories
- target-based inferences: dispositions rather than situation

types of motivation

- hedonic motive: experience pleasure and avoid pain
- approval motive: attain approval of others
- accuracy motive: know what is true