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24 Terms
Why do smaller pieces react faster?
More exposed surface area —> more successful collisions —> faster reaction
What is a reversible reactions
Where the product and reactant can be reversed
Give an example of reversible reaction
Hydrated copper sulfate —> (heated) Anhydrous copper sulfate
Why? because when heated the water is evaporated
What is a closed system
A closed system is where no product or reactant can escape or enter
When is dynamic equilibrium reached?
When the forward and backward reaction reaches a constant rate in a closed system.
In a dynamic equilibrium, are the reactant and product concentration the same?
The rate of the reaction stays constant, but the concentration can differ.
How does changing the concentration change the equilibrium shift?
The equilibrium shifts to the side which lacks concentration. It uses some of the added hydrogen
Where will the equilibrium shift when adding reactant?
Equilibrium would shift to the right side
Where will the equilibrium shift when removing product?
Equilibrium would shift to the right side
Where will the equilibrium shift when adding product?
Equilibrium would shift to the left side
Which side would the equilibrium shift towards when pressure is manipulated?
To the side with a fewer gas molecules
If the forward reaction is exothermic, what is the reverse reaction?
endothermic
How would increasing the temperature shift the equilibrium?
It would shift to the endothermic side
How would decreasing the temperature shift the equilibrium?
It would shift to the exothermic side
What effect does catalyst have on the equilibrium?
Speeds up both forward and backward reactions. Helping it to reach equilibrium faster
Does adding a catalyst change its equilibrium position or final yeild?
No, it only helps it reach equilibrium
State the chemical equation for harbor process
State the requirements of harbor process and what it produces
450°C
20 000 kPa
iron catalyst
Ammonia gas
Why is high temperature used?
Gives faster rate of reaction but gives a lower yield
Why is high pressure used?
Due to the reactant having 4 gas molecules, the equilibrium must shift to the product side (2 gas molecules)
State the source of nitrogen and hydrogen used in harbor process
hydrogen: methane
nitrogen: air
State the requirements for contact process
450°C
200 kPa
vanadium oxide
state the symbol equation for contact process
