Psychology test 3

Developmental psychology

Study of changes across the lifespan

period of the zygote

fertilized egg, enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division, fertilization until implantation

period of the embryo

Developing human organism from 2 weeks through 2nd month, major bodily systems form

period of the fetus

emergence of bone tissue until birth, growth and finishing stage, 38-40 weeks: full term

First stage of labor

Dilation and effacement of the cervix

Second stage of labor

Expulsion of the fetus

Third stage of labor

Expulsion of the placenta

survival rate of 25 weeks

75%

survival rate of 23 weeks

50%

survival rate of 39 weeks

98%

lifelong health issues for 39 weeks

3%

lifelong health issues for 23 weeks

80%

lifelong health issues for 25 weeks

47%

Permanent reflexes

breathing, blinking

temporary reflexes

rooting, grasping, planters grasp, Moro (startle)

Signs of neurological problems

no reflexes at birth, reflexes last too long- a year or more

Social Development

Encompasses the changes; feelings, interpersonal thought, interpersonal behavior

Infant-Caregiver attachment

Attachment (strong emotional connection with another person, seek person out in times of stress for comfort/ protection, a sense of security, feelings of distress/ longing)

Cupboard love

child attaches to person meeting their physiological needs

Primary Return to the Womb Craving

Child resents their extrusion from the womb and seeks to return there, but they can’t, so they attach to the womb owner

Bowlby’s ethological

Child attaches to the person meeting their emotion needs

Strange Situation

involves 2 separation and 2 reunions with caregiver, like a baby stress test, assess the quality of attachment, used between 12-18 months

Secure

Child welcomes the mother’s return and seeks closeness to her; returns to play, 65% in USA

What is the parent like at home with regards to a secure attachment

sensitive towards the child’s emotional needs

Insecure-Avoidant

Child ignores the mother, 20% in USA

What is the parent like at home with regards to an insecure-Avoidant attachment

rejects child’s emotional needs

Insecure-Ambivalent/Resistant

Child exhibits anger at the mother while seeking to be close to her; does not return to play, 10% in USA

What is the parent like at home with regards to an insecure-ambivalent attachment

inconsistently responds to child’s emotional needs

insecure-disorganized

show odd motor behavior, like rocking, and dazed facial expressions, 5% in USA

What is the parent like at home with regards to an insecure disorganized attachment

May be abusive, but not always

Securely attached kids have

higher self-esteem, better peer relationships, maximized cognitive potential

What is maximized cognitive potential?

Ability to focus on something specific without worrying about external things such as what my mom, dad, boyfriend, sibling is doing

love bond

infant to caregiver

caregiving bond

caregiver to infant

what stage is death most likely to happen when giving birth

Embryo

Attachment patterns are evident in adulthood

reflect emotional connections to parents, significant others, relationships in general, but not children

Patterns of adulthood relationships

secure attachment, 60%; avoidant pattern, 25%; anxious attachment, 10%;

Adult attachment predicts their _____

children’s attachment pattern

Socialization

process by which we learn the beliefs, values, skills and behavior patterns of their culture

Agents of socialization

parents, sibling, peers, teachers, media

Authoritarian

Place a high value on obedience and respect for authority, hostile

Permissive

Impose minimal controls on their children, warm

Authoritative

Enforce standards, but encourage verbal give-and-take, warm

Uninvolved

no rules, little involvement with kids, hostile

Which type of parenting would, for example, result in a 7 y/o taking care of a 3 y/o

Uninvolved parenting

Which type of parenting results in kids unwilling to follow rules

Permissive

Regarding authoritarian, uninvolved and permissive parents. children have

low self esteem

Parenting styles affect children’s

behavior

Regarding authoritative parents, children have

high self esteem

Meaning of friendship changes with

age

______ from friends is important for young children

Gratification

Older children focus on ______ with friends

intamacy

influence of peers _______ with age

increase

Parents’ advice is more valued than peers on

life goals, religion, politics, morality, use of hard drugs

Parents influence highest where there is a ______ parents-child relationship

good

Peers’ advice is more valued than parents on

music, styles, use of alcohol, sex

Stage theory

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal operations

Stage theory is ______ change

qualitative

You _____ skip stages of Stage theory

cannot