SEMIO CH20 TRIGGER

SHORTNESS OF BREATH

DYSPNEA

DYSPNEA WHEN LYING FLAT

ORTHOPNEA

WAKES UP DURING NIGHT DUE TO DYSPNEA

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA

COUGH W/ SPUTUM + MUCUS =

PRODUCTIVE COUGH

BLOODY SPUTUM

HEMOPTYSIS

NORMAL RESPIRATORY RATE

12-16 / MINUTE

RR ABOVE NORMAL

TACHYPNEA

RR BELOW NORMAL

BRADYPNEA

CYANOSIS

BLUISH TISSUE COLORATION DUE TO LOW OXYGENATION

CENTRAL CYANOSIS WHEN IT APPEARS ON ?

TONGUE

PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS WHEN IT APPEARS ON ?

LIPS + FINGERS

WHEEZING

WHISTLE SOUND DUE TO AIRWAY CONSTRICTION

RHONCHI

BUBBLE SOUNDS BECAUSE AIR IS MOVING THROUGH FLUID-FILLED AIRWAYS

CRACKLING SOUND DUE TO ?

AIR MOVING TRHOUGH VERSY MOIST ALVEOLI

PO₂ <60 mmHg

RESPIRATORY FAILURE

pH NORMAL ARTERY

7.35–7.45

IF ARTERY pH <7.35

ACIDOSIS

IF ARTERY pH >7.45

ALKALOSIS

PO₂ NORMAL VALUE

80–100 mmHg

PO₂ ABOVE / BELOW NORMAL VALUE ?

++ = HYEROXEMIA

— = HYPOXEMIA

PCO₂ NORMAL VALUE

35–40 mmHg

PCO₂ ABOVE / BELOW NORMAL VALUE ?

HYPERCAPNIA / HYPOCAPNIA

HCO₃⁻ NORMAL VALUE

20–25

TRIGGER PH LOW + PCO2 HIGH

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

TRIGGER PH LOW + HCO3- LOW

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

TRIGGER PH HIGH + PCO2 LOW

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

TRIGGER PH HIGH + HCO3- HIGH

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

TRIGGER PCO₂ ↑ CAUSES →

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

TRIGGER PCO₂ ↓ CAUSES →

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

TRIGGER HCO₃ ↓ CAUSES →

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

TRIGGER HCO₃ ↑ CAUSES →

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE EXPIRED AFTER DEEP INSPIRATION =

VITAL CAPACITY

VOLUME OF AIR REMAINING IN THE LUNGS AFTER MAXIMAL EXPIRATION

RESIDUAL VOLUME

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY =

VC + RV

VOLUME OF AIR MOVING IN / OUT LUNGS DURING NORMAL BREATH

TIDAL VOLUME

FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN 1 SECOND

FEV1

AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE EXPIRED DURING FORCED EXPIRATION

FORCED VITAL CAPACITY

TIFFENEAU INDEX =

FEV1 / FVC

NORMAL VALUE TIFFENEAU INDEX

80% / 0.8

NORMAL VALUE VC

4 L

NORMAL VALUE FEV1

3.2 L

NORMAL VALUE FEV1/VC =

3,2/4=0,8 (80%) (= FVC)

WHEN FEV1 ↓↓↓ VC ↓ BUT LESS →

OBSTRUCTION PATTERN

TIFFENEAU INDEX IN A OBSTRUCTIVE PATTERN

50%

WHEN FEV1 ↓ AND VC ↓ IN THE SAME PROPORTION

RESTRICTIVE PATTERN

TIFFENEAU INDEX IN A RESTRICTIVE PATTERN

80% → BECAUSE BOTH DECREASE IN THE SAME PROPORTION

TRIGGER VC 4 L / FEV1 3.2 L / 80%

NORMAL

VC 3 L / FEV1 1.5 L / 50%

OBSTRUCTIVE

VC 2 L / FEV1 1.6 L / 80%

RESTRICTIVE

DONC QUAND FEV1 BAISSE + QUE FVC =

OBSTRUCTIVE PATTERN