L2 - Principles of Chemotherapy (siver)

Cancer refers to a group of many different diseases that are characterized by __________

Uncontrolled cellular growth

________ is a reputable source for any cancer statistics in the U.S.

SEER Program

Which of the following is true regarding the TNM staging system for solid tumors?

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding BENIGN cells?

1. Well-differentiated

2. Slow growing

3. Non-invasive

4. Doesn't metastasize (does not spread to other sites)

5. Rarely fatal

Which of the following is true regarding MALIGNANT cells?

1. Poorly-differentiated

2. Rapid, uncontrolled growth

3. Invades surrounding tissue

4. Metastasizes (spreads to other sites)

5. Fatal without treatment

Benign tissue of origin =

-oma

Malignant epithelial cells =

-carcinoma

Malignant connective tissue cells =

-sarcoma

Which of the following is the tissue of origin of Carcinoma?

Surface epithelium

Which of the following is the tissue of origin of adenocarcinoma?

Glandular (epithelial)

Which of the following is true regarding oncogenes?

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding tumor suppressor genes?

All of the above

Which of the following is a tumor supressor gene?

p53

Which of the following are tumor "markers"

Antigens or other biochemical substances produced by cancer cells

True or False:

Some antigens or other biochemical substances produced by cancer cells, may not be specific or sensitive enough to allow for a confident detection of a cancer without additional data/tests

True

What is next-generation gene sequencing (NGS)?

All of the above

Which of the following BEST defines in-situ cancer spread?

Abnormal cells are present but have not invaded tissues yet -- not normally considered cancerous but may become cancerous

Which of the following BEST defines localized cancer spread?

Cancer is confined to primary site/tissue. There is no evidence of spread to other regions

Which of the following BEST defines regional cancer spread?

Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes surrounding near the site of the primary tumor

Which of the following BEST defines distant cancer spread?

Cancer has spread and invaded other parts of the body

Which modalities are part of cancer treatment?

All of the above

What is the correct pathway for treating/managing a SOLID tumor?

Neoadjuvant → Surgery → Adjuvant

What is neoadjuvant therapy?

preoperative therapy (administered BEFORE surgery and/or radiation to reduce tumor burden, clarify surgical margins, and eliminate micrometastases)

What is adjuvant therapy?

Systemic therapy administered AFTER surgery or radiation to eradicate micrometastases

What is the correct pathway for treating/managing a LIQUID tumor?

Induction → Remission → Consolidation → Maintenance

What is induction therapy?

INTENSIVE systemic therapy administered to eradicate cancer cells to induce complete remission (no evidence of residual disease)

What is remission?

Disappearance of disease

What is consolidation therapy?

INTENSIVE therapy used AFTER induction therapy once complete remission is achieved to "clean up" and prevent recurrence

What is maintenance therapy?

LOW intensity therapy administered after consolidation to prevent recurrence

The higher the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, the ______ the patient's overall functional status and ability to perform daily activities.

Better

The higher the Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG) score, the ______ the patient's overall functional status and ability to perform daily activities.

Worse

Which of the following statements best described a patient with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 100?

Normal; no evidence of disease

Which of the following statements best described a patient with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 80-90?

Normal activity with effort, some or minor signs/symptoms

Which of the following statements best described a patient with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 60-70?

Capable of most self-care, however unable to carry on normal activity so occasional assistance is required

Which of the following statements best described a patient with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 40-50?

Requires assistance, special care (disabled)

Which of the following statements best described a patient with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 10-20-30?

Severely disabled, hospitalization necessary, progressing rapidly

Which of the following statements best described a patient with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 0?

Patient is dead

Which of the following statements best described a patient with an Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG) score of 0?

Patient is fully active, and no restriction in pre-disease performance

Which of the following statements best described a patient with an Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG) score of 1?

RESTRICTED in physically strenuous activity, but ambulatory and able to carry out light work

Which of the following statements best described a patient with an Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG) score of 2?

AMBULATORY; capable of all self-care but unable to work; up more than 50% of waking hours

Which of the following statements best described a patient with an Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG) score of 3?

Capable of only LIMITED self-care, but UNABLE to work; up to 50% of waking hours

Which of the following statements best described a patient with an Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG) score of 4?

NOT capable of self-care; totally confined to BED/CHAIR

Which of the following statements best described a patient with an Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG) score of 5?

Patient is dead

Which of the following tumor factors influence tumor cell killing?

All of the above

Dose Intensity =

Dose (mg)

--------------------

Unit of time (week)

True or False:

Dose intensity can be increased or decreased by changing either the dose or the frequency

True

Which of the following has a higher dose intensity?

200 mg every 21 days

Which of the following is true regarding cell cycle non-specific agents?

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding cell cycle specific agents?

All of the above

BSA =

The Calvert Equation is used specifically for calculating the dose of which medication?

Carboplatin

Calvert Equation =