chapter 4 - cells and organelles type shi

What may be found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacteria?

lysosome

What structure will be found in nearly all eukaryotic cells?

mitochondria

What two domains include all prokaryotic cells?

bacteria and archaea

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

What cells have membrane-bound organelles?

eukaryotic

fimbriae

hair-like structures that enable bacterial cells to stick to a surface

cell wall

protection

nucleoid region

contains DNA in prokaryotic cells, has no membrane

ribosomes

protein synthesis

cell wall

rigid supporting structure in cells

plasma membrane

semi-permeable barrier

nucleus

stores genetic information of the cell

lysosome

breaks down macromolecules by using digestive enzymes

mitochondrion

converts chemical fuel into atp

ribosome

attaches to mRNA to synthesize proteins

smooth ER

lipid synthesis

plant cell wall

strong, protective structure, made of cellulose fibrils

central vacuole

storage of compounds

chloroplast

converts light energy into chemical energy (ATP)

golgi apparatus

modifies and packages proteins

cytoskeleton

structural framework in a cell

mRNA

carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm

The rough ER has what on the outside?

ribosomes

What is in the endomembrane system?

ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles

Which organelle breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth ER

flagella

movement

microfilaments

cell locomotion and the cell's structural characteristics

microtubules

intracellular highways for transporting vesicles and organelles

intermediate filaments

rope-like structures that anchor organelles and intercellular junctions called desmosomes

structures found in only plant cells

chloroplast, cellulose cell wall, central vacuole

structures found in animal cells only

centriole

What domains include eukaryotic cells?

Animalia, plantae, fungi, protista

DNA in eukaryotic cells are found in the ____

nucleus

DNA in prokaryotic cells are found in the ____

nucleoid region

The nucleus has a ____ membrane

double membrane

Basic features of all cells

plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes

glycocalyx

slimy, outside wall, helps prokaryotic cells invade others

central vacuole

fluid and macromolecule storage

nucleolous

very center of nucleus, contains ribosomal DNA (rRNA)

nuclear pores

entry/exit point of molecules from the nucleus

nuclear envelope

encloses the nucleus, is a lipid bylayer

lamina

protein filaments in the nucleus that maintain its shape

ribosomes

made of rRNA and proteins, carries out protein synthesis

protein synthesis

occurs in the cytosol w/free ribosomes or on the outside of the ER w/bound ribosomes

the endomembrane system consists of ____

nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, plasma membrane

components of the endomembrane system are _____

continuous or connected by vesicles

Rough ER

secretes glycoproteins (hormones), distributes vesicles

Smooth ER

makes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium ions, metabolizes carbohydrates

difference between rough and smooth er

rough er has ribosomes on its surface

golgi apparatus

receives, packages, ships

what is the receiving face of the golgi?

cis face

what is the transporting face of the golgi?

trans face

vesicles

membrane container that transports by pinching away/merging

lysosome

a vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

phagocytosis

cell eating another cell

autophagy

lysosomes use enzymes to recycle the cell’s organelles and macromolecules

peroxisomes

an oxidative organelle; specialized metabolic compartment for detoxification

peroxisomes have a ____ membrane

single

beta-oxidation

breaking down chains and produces hydrogen peroxide

catalase

breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water

vacuoles

large vesicles that store water and organic molecules

central vacuole

in mature plant cells, storage for inorganic ions

contractile vacuole

freshwater protists, pumps water out of cells

mitochondria

performs cellular respiration to generate atp by breaking down fats, sugars, and other fuels

cellular respiration

the process that uses oxygen to generate atp

chloroplast

in plants and algae, site for photosynthesis

photosynthesis

using energy from sunlight to produce sugars

thylakoids

membranous sacs that are stacked to form a granum

stroma

internal fluid of chloroplast

mitochondria and chloroplasts are the only organelles with their own _______ and _______

dna, ribosomes

cytoskeleton

fibers that give function and support throughout the cytoplasm

microfilaments

smallest filament

myosin and actin work together for ________________

muscle contractionm

microtubules

control beating of cilia and flagella

cilia

on the cell surface, large number

plant cell walls are made of

cellulose

bacteria cell walls are made of

peptidoglycan

fungi cell walls are made of

chitin

integrins

bind to the cell surface receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

extracellular matrix of animal cells consist of

collages, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

extracellular matrix

the animal cell “cell wall”

cell junctions are for ____

communication

plasmodesmata

channels in cell wall to pass small molecules

tight junctions

no fluid between/passing through

desmosomes

type of junction

gap junction

openings to connect cells, transport of small things like signals