CNS Exam 3 Brodmann Areas

Somestetic cortex S1

BA 1, 2, 3

Location: post central gyrus(parietal lobe)

Input: VPL and VPM of thalamus

Function: integration of pain, thermal, deep and light touch, vibratory and kinesthetic information

Vision cortex V1 (BA 17)

Location: calcarine sulcus(occipital lobe)

Input: lateral geniculate nucleus

Function: vision(recognizing shapes, texture, color)

Vision cortex V1 (BA 18, 19)

Location: fill most of occipital lobe

Function: integration and memory storage of visual sensations

Lesion: prosopagnosia(inability to recognize faces)

Auditory cortex A1 and A2

BA 41(A1), 42(A2)

Location: transverse temporal gyrus(Heschl's gyrus)

Input: medial geniculate nucleus

Function: hearing

Auditory association cortex

BA 22

Location: superior temporal gyrus, surrounds 41 and 42

Input: parietal and occipital lobes

Function: hearing memory, speech and word formation

Lesion: Wernicke's dysphasia - speech dysfunction

Motor speech cortex

BA 44, 45

Location: frontal operculum

Input: parietal and temporal lobes

Function: directs area 4 neurons that initiate tongue, laryngeal and pharyngeal musculature in the process of

speaking, writing, and signing

Motor cortex M1

BA 4

Location: precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

Function: initiates skilled voluntary movement especially in distal extremities, facial and oral musculature

*Pyramidal cells(only area with betz cells)

Premotor cortex

BA 6, 8

Location: anterior to area 4 in premotor region of frontal lobe

Function: Initiate movement and contribute to pyramidal system

Area 6 associated with large muscle groups like hips and shoulders(proximal extremities)

Area 8 associated with eye movements

Parietal association cortex

BA 5, 7, 39, 40

Location: fills most of parietal lobe, BA 39 is in the angular gyrus

Function: creative, such as reading, writing, and language

Lesion: angular gyrus(BA 39) lead to alexia and agraphia

Prefrontal cortex

BA 9, 10, 11, 12

Location: anterior frontal lobe

Input: associative input from cortical regions, thalamus and hypothalamus

Function: deals with planning, insight, foresight, many aspects of personality

*Prefrontal lobotomy: procedure during the 20th century for people with mental illness

Gustatory area

BA 43

Location: parietal operculum

Function: taste

Olfactory areas

BA 34, 28

Location: temporal lobe

BA 34 is in the uncus

BA 28 is in parahippocampal gyrus

Function: olfaction