NURS Fundamentals Exam 4 Prep - Comfort, Rest, and Sleep

What is sleep?

essential for health and healing, state of rest

What is the result of being without quality sleep?

body is no able to adequately able to rejuvenate

What does inadeqaute sleep affect?

almost every system in the body

What can inadeqate sleep potentially lead to?

chornic health problems; depression, mood disorder, heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes

What often results from poor sleep?

obesity, hormone disrepency, increased calorie intake

What are powerful regulators of sleep?

light and dark; wake cycle

What is the average cycles of sleep each night?

four to five

What is alternated at night?

REM and NREM sleep

What strenghtens at night?

immune system

What can impact a person’s physical and psychological wellbeing?

insufficient quality sleep

What is the circadian rhythym?

internal process that controls the sleep-wake cycle

When does the circadian rhythym approx. occur?

every 24 hours

What does the circadian rhythym regulate?

client’s biological clock and causes them to be sleepy at night and wake on their own in the morning

What does the circadian rhythym synchronize with?

environmental cues such as light and temperature; however, the body will maintain circadian rhythyms without prompts

What disrupts the circadian rhythym?

tv/screentime before bed

What is sleep-wake homeostasis?

assists the body to remember to sleep after a given time

What does sleep-wake homeostasis regulate?

level of sleep according to the amount of sleep deprivation a client is experiencing

What affects sleep-wake homeostasis?

lighting in a room, medication, caffeine, foods, sleep environment, and stress

What is sleep deprivation?

occurs when a client does not meet the body’s biological sleep requirements

What can sleep deprivation affect?

higher-order cognitive projects, impair judgement, decrease response times

What can sleep deprivation trigger?

seizure disorders, migraines, and tension headaches

What can help promote sleep?

avoid stimulants such as caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine at least four to six hours before bedtime

How can promoting sleep be established?

bedtime routine, such as taking a warm shower or bath

What environment changes can promote sleep?

keep room dark, quiet, and at a comfortable, cold temperature

When should someone go to sleep?

only when tired

What are the steps if one cannot fall asleep in 20 minutes?

go to another room and read or listen to music; turn the clock away from view

What should be done at the same time each day?

go to bed and wake up

What are tips for naps?

keep short and before 3 pm

When should exercised be completed?

at least three hours before going to bed

What should be removed from the bedroom when possible?

work items and televisions

What decreases when older?

stage three sleep (deep restorative sleep)

What increases when older?

stage 2 sleep (light sleep)

What are characteristics of sleep in older adults?

wake up more frequently and take longer to fall asleep

What can result in older adults?

stay in bed longer; musculoskeletal weakness, arthritis, and pulmonary disroders

What is insomnia?

ongoing inability to sleep despite having the opportunity to do so

What is apnea?

condition in which there is an absence of inspiratory airflow for a minimum of 10 seconds

What is hypopnea?

associated with a decrease in oxygen saturation and lasts 10 seconds or longer

What is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

related to the recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse and obstruction while sleeping combined wiht waking from sleep

What assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

STOP BANG questionnaire

What is S in STOPBANG?

snoring

What is T in STOPBANG?

tired

What is O in STOPBANG?

observed

What is P in STOPBANG?

blood Pressure elevated

What is B in STOPBANG?

BMI is over 35

What is A in STOPBANG?

age over 50

What is N in STOPBANG?

neck cirmumfrence over 90 cm.

What is G in STOPBANG?

gender; male increases risk

What is narcolepsy?

chronic sleep condition characterized by sudden sleepiness and sudden periods of sleep

What is hypersomnia?

disorder of excessive datime fatigue without improvement after more sleep

What is restless leg syndrome (RLS) aka willis-ekbom disease?

uncontrollable urge to move the legs during sleep

What characterizes obstructive sleep apnea?

five or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events

What accompanies OSA?

sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, snoring, subjective nocturnal resp disturbances

What is continous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?

definitive treatment for moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea

What is new treatment for OSA?

implant in hypoglossal nerve; controls tongue to remove obstrution

What is surgery for OSA?

removes soft tissue, soft palate, uvula, and tonsils; difficult proccess

What are nursing considerations for sleep deprivation?

sleep diary and sleep screening tools can be used to assess the wuality of sleep and identify sleep disturbances

What are non-pharamcology interventions?

sleep hygiene and hospital routine

What are pharmacology interventions?

correct use of ambien, melatonin, benadryl; assess side effects and withdrawal

What should nursing interventions promote?

comfort