Anatomy and Physiology Final Practical Appendix 2

Dorsal Column, Lateral Column, Ventral Column, White matter

Anterior white commissure, white matter

Dorsal Grey Horn

Lateral Gray Horn

Ventral Gray horn

Gray Commissure

Central Canal

Posterior Spinal Vein

Dorsal Root

Spinal Ganglion

Ventral Root

Cerebellum

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Medullary Cone

Cauda Equina

Cervical Ganglia

Thoracic Ganglia

Radial Nerve

Median Nerve

Femoral Nerve

Sciatic Nerve

Tibial Nerve

Cornea

Sclera

Choroid

Retina

Iris

Lens

Vitreous body

Optic Nerve II

Fovea Centralis

Vorticose Veins

Ciliary Muscle

Central Retinal Artery and Vein

Auricle

External Acoustic Meatus

Tympanic Membrane

Tympanic Cavity

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Oval Window

Round Window

Lateral Semicircular Canal

Anterior semicircular canal

Posterior semicircular canal

Cochlea

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Motor Nerve Fiber

Cornea

Protective transparent outer layer of the eye that refracts (bends) incoming light toward the lens.

Sclera

Tough white outer coat of the eyeball that protects the eye and maintains its shape.

Choroid

Vascular middle layer of the eye that supplies blood to the outer retina and helps absorb stray light.

Retina

Innermost light-sensitive layer of the eye that converts light into nerve impulses.

Iris

Colored muscular structure that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Lens

Transparent structure behind the iris that focuses light onto the retina.

Vitreous body

Clear, gel-like substance filling the eyeball that helps maintain its shape and supports the retina.

Optic Nerve II

Cranial nerve II that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Fovea Centralis

Small central area of the retina with the highest concentration of cones, responsible for sharp central vision.

Vorticose Veins

Veins of the choroid that drain blood from the middle layer of the eye.

Ciliary Muscle

Smooth muscle that changes the shape of the lens for focusing on near or far objects.

Central Retinal Artery and Vein

Blood vessels that supply oxygen to and drain blood from the retina.

Auricle

Outer visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal.

External Acoustic Meatus

Canal that carries sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane.

Tympanic Membrane

Thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves strike it, transferring vibrations to the ossicles.

Tympanic Cavity

Air-filled middle ear chamber that contains the ossicles and transmits sound vibrations.

Malleus

Hammer-shaped ossicle that receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane and passes them to the incus.

Incus

Anvil-shaped ossicle that transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes.

Stapes

Stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits vibrations to the oval window of the inner ear.

Oval Window

Membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and inner ear that receives vibrations from the stapes.

Round Window

Membrane-covered opening that releases pressure waves in the cochlea, allowing fluid to move freely.

Lateral Semicircular Canal

Semicircular canal that detects head rotation in the horizontal plane to help maintain balance.

Anterior semicircular canal

Semicircular canal that detects head movement in the vertical plane to help maintain balance.

Posterior semicircular canal

Semicircular canal that detects head movement in the vertical plane, helping maintain balance and orientation.

Cochlea

Spiral-shaped inner ear structure that converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses.

Vestibulocochlear N

Cranial nerve VIII that carries sound and balance information from the inner ear to the brain.