Bio 30 Review

Cell

Basic Structural Unit of Life

Aristotle

wrote about the theory of Spontaneous Generation

Leeuwenhoek (1600’s)

Developed Microscopes and found single-celled Organisms

Rutrochet (1824)

Proposes all living things are made of cells

Rujardin

Found protoplasm

Schleiden (1838)

Plants are made up of cells

Schwann (1839)

All animals are made up of cells

Cell Theory

1-Cells come from other cells

2-Cells are the most basic living unit of organization

3-All living things are made up of cells

Nitrogenous bases of DNA

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

Nitrogenous bases of RNA

Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), Uracil (U)

SIngle Stranded

RNA

2 double chains held in a double helix with hydrogen bonds

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA

Ribonucleic Acid

RNA

Nucleus

DNA

Nucleus and cytoplasm

RNA

Nucleotides

One sugar One Phosphate and One nirogenous base

Backbone of DNA

Sugar-phosphate

How is protein made

DNA makes RNA which makes proteins

How many chambers does a frog heart have?

3

What are the function of ribosomes

To read the mRNA strand and spit out a codon for amino acids

What does tRNA do

transfers amino acids to the right spot based on mRNA codes

What do amino acids determine

The protein

Law of Dominance

Neither dominant nor recessive is better than the other, Dominant Alleles are expressed over recessive, Recessive Alleles are express if one has 2 recessive alleles

Law of Segregation

an individual carries genes in pairs but only contributes one gene to their offspring

Law of Independent Assortment

Members of different pairs of genes behave independently and sort independently during gamete formation

Genotype

Genetic makeup ratio

Phenotype

Physical expression ratio

Incomplete Dominance

A blend of inherited traits (red x white makes pink)

Codominance

Inherited traits with equal dominance (red x white makes red with white spots)

Contains many genes (X or Y)

X chromosome

Found in only males (X OR Y)

Y chromosome

Almost no functional genes (X OR Y)

Y chromosome

Few sex linked genes (X OR Y)

Y chromosome

Found in males and females (X OR Y)

X chromosome

Make the matching DNA sequence:

ATGGCATTCAATTGTCCAT

TACCGTTAACAGGTA

Make the mRNA strand that would be transcibed from this sequence:

TACCGTTAACAGGTA

AUGGCAAUUGUCCAU

Translate the mRNA squence into an amino acid squence:

AUGGCAAUUGUCCAU

MET-ALA-ILE-VAL-HIS