Patho/Pharm Exam 1: NSAIDS, Tylenol

cyclooxygenase inhibitors

block the COX enzyme, two types

COX-1

good cox, protects against stomach problems

COX-2

bad cox, causes inflammation, pain, fever

what do COX 1 and COX 2 make

prostaglandins

prostaglandins

chemicals that cause pain and inflammation

bad part of inhibiting COX 1

can cause stomach ulcers, bleeding and kidney problems

good part of inhibiting COX 1

protect against heart attack and stroke

inhibiting COX 2

good, reduced inflammation, pain and fever, protect against colon cancer

Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) examples

aspirpin, ibuprofen, celecoxib, naproxen

what do NSAIDS do

block COX 1 and 2, decrease fever, pain, temp but increases risk for stomach problems and kidney problems

first-generation NSAIDs

block both COX 1 and 2, used for inflammation, pain, fever, joint pain and arthritis

example of first gen NSAID

ibuprofen, naproxene, aspirin

side effects of first gen NSAID

stomach ulcers, liver damage, kidney damange

special use of aspirin

may lower risk for cancer and alzheimers and protect from heart attack and stroke

second gen NSAIDs

mainy blocks COX-2

second gen NSAID example

celecoxib

problems with second gen

may increase the chance of heart attack or stroke, hurts the kidneys and causes high blood pressure

benefits of second gen

reduces pain, swelling, les stomach problems

when to use second gen NSAIDs

when pateitns dont respond to first gen and have no heart problems

celecoxib interactions

warfarin, bp pills and lithium

drugs without anti-inflammatory effects

acetaminophin

acetaminophin (tylenol)

reduces fever and pain but nothing for inflammation

how does acetaminophin work

stops prostaglandin production

risks of acetaminophin

do not mix with alcohol or warfarin, skin reaction, liver damage

overdose treatment for acetaminophin

acetylcysteine