Factors Affecting Equilibrium
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18 Terms
What happens to equilibrium when temperature is changed?
The equilibrium shifts in the direction that opposes the temperature change.
For an exothermic forward reaction, what happens when temperature increases?
The equilibrium shifts in the endothermic direction.
For an exothermic forward reaction, what happens when temperature decreases?
The equilibrium shifts in the exothermic direction.
What happens when pressure is increased in a gas equilibrium?
The equilibrium shifts towards the side with fewer moles of gas.
What happens when pressure is decreased in a gas equilibrium?
The equilibrium shifts towards the side with more moles of gas.
What happens when the concentration of a reactant is increased?
The equilibrium shifts towards the products to use up the added reactant.
What happens when the concentration of a product is increased?
The equilibrium shifts towards the reactants to use up the added product.
What happens when a reactant is removed?
The equilibrium shifts towards the reactants to replace it.
What happens when a product is removed?
The equilibrium shifts towards the products to replace it.
For N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃, which side has fewer gas molecules?
The right-hand side, because there are 2 moles of gas compared with 4 on the left.
What happens to the Haber equilibrium when pressure increases?
It shifts to the right, producing more ammonia.
What happens to the Haber equilibrium when pressure decreases?
It shifts to the left, producing more nitrogen and hydrogen.
Why isn’t a very low temperature used in the Haber process?
The reaction would be too slow.
Why isn’t a very high temperature used in the Haber process?
It would reduce the equilibrium yield of ammonia.
Why is 450 °C a compromise?
It provides a reasonable reaction rate while maintaining a reasonable ammonia yield.
Why isn’t an extremely high pressure used in the Haber process?
It would be expensive and potentially dangerous.
Why does increasing pressure increase ammonia yield?
The products have fewer gas molecules than the reactants.
Does a catalyst change the position of equilibrium?
No. It only makes equilibrium reached faster.