Molecular exam 1

Nucleus

DNA, regulates gene expression

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

secretory protein (rough) and lipid synthesis (smooth)

What makes the ER rough?

Ribosomes are attached

Ribosomes

makes protein

Cytosol

liquid matrix inside cell

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell and pathway cell death

Golgi Apparatus

stops in secretory pathway (post office)

Lysosome

break down waste (recycling)

Cytoskeleton

structure and migration

Peroxisome

breaks down lipids

Plasma membrane

lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier

Cilia

hair-like structure for movement

Flagella

tail used for movement

Cell wall

structure

Chloroplast

photosynthesis

Vacuole

storage

What organelles are only in plants

cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole

Membrane bound organelles

nucleus, ER, mitochondria, golgi, lysosome, peroxisome, chloroplast and vacuole

What are the main atoms in life?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Why is carbon the backbone of a lot of structures?

because it can make long chains

Types of interactions

dipoles, h-bonds, ionic bonds, VDW and hydrophobic

Primary structure

Secondary structure

alpha helix and beta sheets

Tertiatry structures

domains and disulfide bridge

Types of domains

transmembrane, catalytic and signaling

Quaternary structures

multiple subunits like virusess

Central Dogma of Biology

DNA - transcription - RNA - translation - protein