Symbols of Power

What four pieces of evidence are mentioned in the symbols of power chapter?

1 Centauromachy on Parthenon 2 Amazonomachy on Temple at Bassae 3 Augustus of Prima Porta statue 4 Ara Pacis

What did myths do? (4)

1 They defined a civilisation (eg Greeks) 2 a city (eg Athens) 3 a family 4 an individual

Who was an early king of the Lapiths?

Ixion

What wrong deed did Ixion commit?

He tried to seduce Hera

How did Zeus stop Ixion seducing Hera? (2)

1 made an image of Hera 2 made of clouds

What was the result of Ixion's action with the false Hera?

The Centaurs

In what ways were the Centaurs uncivilised? (4)

1 They lived in caves 2 hunted wild animals 3 fought with rocks 4 unskilled in crafts

What does centauromachy mean?

Battle with the Centaurs

How did the Centaurs come to fight the Lapiths? (4)

1 At the wedding of Pirithous, king of the Lapiths 2 and Hippodamia 3 the Centaurs got drunk 4 and one tried to rape Hippodamia

Who helped the Lapiths fight the Centaurs?

Theseus

What did the story of the centauromachy represent?

Civilisation vs barbarism

Who represented barbarism to the Greeks?

The Persians

What had the Persians done to Athens? (2)

1 Burnt down the Acropolis 2 in 480BC

How many metopes depicted the centauromachy on the Parthenon?

Thirty-four

How did the metopes create an easily recognisable scene? (2)

1 Centaurs are horses with the torso and the head of a man 2 centaurs are fighting Lapiths

How did the metopes create of sense of realism? (3)

1 Muscles are clearly defined 2 centaurs and lapiths are shown in mid action 3 bodies are twisted showing action

How did the metopes avoid big blank spaces? (2)

1 Bodies are often shown in diagonal poses 2 objects are used to fill space such as an animal skin

What does amazonomachy mean?

Battle with the Amazons

Who were the Amazons? (3)

1 A race of women 2 from the East end of the Black Sea 3 who killed their sons

What were the two major battles with the Amazons? (2)

1 Heracles vs Hippolyta (labour nine) 2 After Heracles brought back an Amazon bride for Theseus, at Athens

What does the centauromachy represent?

Greece's triumph over foreign people

Why was the temple of Apollo built at Bassae?

When Bassae was struck by a plague

What scenes were carved on the frieze inside the temple? (2)

1 An Amazonomachy 2 A Centauromachy

Which Amazonomachy does the temple at Bassae depict?

Heracles vs Hippolyta

How did the frieze create a scene that could be easily recognised? (2)

1 The only women to fight were Amazons 2 Amazons were shown with one bare breast

How does the frieze create a scene that is realistic? (2)

1 The muscles are clear 2 men, women and horses are in mid-flight or mid-attack

How does the frieze fill the space? (2)

1 Some characters mirror each other 2 bodies are depicted at an angle

Who was Augustus' adopted father?

Julius Caesar

Who had Augustus defeated to become sole ruler of Rome? (2)

1 Mark Anthony 2 Cleopatra

What did Augustus avoid?

Taking the title of king or dictator

What image did Augustus want to present? (4)

1 He was recreating a golden age of art and architecture 2 he was the bringer of peace 3 he brought peace with the gods 4 he was linked to the gods

What is the statue of Prima Porta? (2)

1 A copy of a bronze statue of Augustus 2 made for Livia, Augustus's wife

What was the statue of Augustus styled on? (3)

1 The Doryphorus (spear-bearer) 2 by Polykleitos 3 from the golden age of Greek art

How was Augustus's statue similar to the Doryphorus? (2)

1 Same body position 2 except raised right arm

What did the Doryphorus represent? (3)

1 The ideal man 2 so Augustus was the ideal man 3 bringing in a new golden age

What can be seen on the breastplate of Augustus? (3)

1 The gods of the sun and moon (associating Augustus with the gods) 2 The standards from Parthia being returned (peace) 3 Earth (with a cornucopia) = Abundance

What does wearing a breastplate suggest about Augustus?

He is a great warrior who brings peace

What does the toga Augustus wears represent?

He is one of the senators

What does Cupid at Augustus's feet represent? (3)

1 Cupid was the son of Venus 2 Aeneas was the son of Venus 3 Julius Caesar claimed descent from Venus

What might his bare feet suggest? (2)

1 The statue was made after his death, when he was made a god or 2 it showed he was the son of a god

What event led to the building of the Ara Pacis? (2)

1 Augustus had settled matters in Spain and Gaul 2 in 13BC

What is shown on the altar itself? (2)

1 The sacrifice 2 highlighting Augustus's piety

What is shown on the bottom of the outside wall? (2)

1 Abundant plants and animals 2 suggesting abundance for the people

What is depicted on the friezes? (2)

1 The family of Augustus (the future of Rome) 2 important senators (united behind Augustus)

What do these friezes remind the viewer of?

The Parthenon in Athens

What might the four panels represent?

1 Romulus and Remus being suckled by the wolf (?) 2 Aeneas or Numa making an offering 3 The goddess Roma (?) 4 Mother Earth/Venus/Peace

Overall, what do the four panels suggest? (3)

1 Peace with the gods 2 Abundance 3 The refounding of Rome