Motivation (PSY323) Exam 2 Review

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering competition, rewards, interest, and motivation interventions from PSY323 Exam 2 notes.

While intentional competition is an internal attitude, structural competition is an external situation defined by __________ (MEGA).

mutually exclusive goal attainment

A __________ is a special case of structural competition where one side loses exactly what the other gains.

zero-sum game

In the __________ form of structural competition, a contestant must actively make the other fail, as seen in tennis or war.

strong

Scarcity in competition is __________, meaning the contest itself creates the prize rather than there being a real shortage.

manufactured

In structural cooperation, helping another person also helps oneself because their __________ are linked.

fates

In daily life, the most common motivational mix is intragroup cooperation combined with __________ competition.

intergroup

According to self-determination theory, intragroup competition tends to be undermining because it pits group members against one another and thwarts the need for __________.

relatedness

The bright side of competition supplies skill feedback that is immediate, objective, and __________.

ability-diagnostic

In the traffic light metaphor for competition, adding a high-stakes contingent reward turns the light __________ and releases cheating, aggression, and poor sportsmanship.

red

The tipping point between the bright and dark side of competition is usually the __________ of the teacher, coach, or teammates.

motivating style

Losing is not motivationally harmful if a person sets a personal standard and performs in line with it, exemplified by Rocky Balboa wanting to __________ rather than win.

go the distance

During competition, a __________ mindset leads losers to conclude they have an unalterable deficit, breeding learned helplessness.

fixed

The four popular myths of competition claim that it is inevitable, motivates us to do our best, is the best way to have fun, and that it __________.

builds character

Intrinsic motivation is driven by direct enjoyment, epistemic curiosity, or __________, meaning the activity fits who you are.

identity congruence

Researchers measure intrinsic motivation using the __________ paradigm, observing free-choice time spent on a task when left alone.

free-choice

Rewards reduce intrinsic motivation partly through __________ (overjustification), which teaches the person that the activity is not worth doing for its own sake.

means-end devaluation

In the classic drawing study, children who received an expected __________ later drew less freely than children who were not promised anything.

Good Player Award

Under Cognitive Evaluation Theory, an expected __________ reward probably decreases intrinsic motivation because it threatens autonomy without offering a competence gain.

task-contingent

An unexpected __________ reward might increase intrinsic motivation because it incurs no control cost and affirms competence.

performance-contingent

To protect intrinsic motivation, a reward should be __________, meaning it is similar to or useful for the activity itself.

endogenous

The undermining effect of rewards is similar across demographics, with the exception that praise can affect __________ more negatively.

females

Placing strong importance on extrinsic aspirations such as wealth, fame, and image relative to intrinsic aspirations predicts poorer __________.

well-being

Unlike situational interest, personal interest is an enduring disposition that includes __________ by definition.

positive affect

As a situational interest trigger, novelty is most effective at an __________ level rather than at the maximum.

intermediate

Situational interest is transient and typically decays within roughly __________ seconds.

thirty to sixty

The __________ effect occurs when vivid but irrelevant details hijack attention and memory at the expense of the core principle.

seductive details

The illusion of comprehension (metacognitive overconfidence) occurs when __________ and engagement fool students into feeling they have mastered the material.

fluency

Students with weak attentional control, such as those on the __________ spectrum, gain the most from situational interest but are also the most vulnerable to its downsides.

ADHD

Utility value is defined as the perceived personal relevance or usefulness of academic content to one's own __________.

life and goals

In an intervention where parents were mailed brochures about the value of math and science, their teens went on to take nearly a __________ more of those subjects.

semester

While a growth mindset intervention targets whether you can do it, a utility value intervention targets whether it is __________.

worth doing

Self-reinforcing cycles among a student's narrative, their performance, and reactions from the social system are termed __________.

recursive processes

When considering the 'who' moderator of motivation interventions, they should be targeted at students who need them, such as those with fixed-ability beliefs, low achievers, or __________ groups.

negatively stereotyped

Regarding the 'how' moderator, interventions should be subtle, non-stigmatizing, and offered as a __________ rather than required.

free choice