English figurative language

Ethos

convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader

Logos

persuading an audience by reason

pathos

convincing someone of an argument by creating an emotional response

Rhetorical question

question asked by a speaker to make a the readers think

Verbal Irony

saying the opposite of what you mean by purpose is to emphasize 

Apostrophe

is a writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe detaches himself from the reality and addresses a person or personified object 

Parallism

 consists of using the same general structure (of phrases or clauses) for multiple parts of a sentence, or for multiple sentences, in order to link them all. Parallelism gives balance and a sense of overall cohesion

Chiasmus

 when key words, grammatical construction, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or modified form 

Synecdoche

 a rhetorical device that uses a part of something to refer to the whole, or vise verse 

metonymy

 is referring to something using a word to describes one of its qualities or features 

Anaphora

is the repetition of the same or similar words at the beginning of successive phrases or sentences in order to emphasize a specific point 

Epistrophe

is a close relative to anaphora, it is one in which the same word or phrase is repeated at the end of multiple clauses or sentences

Contrast

when writers identify differences between two subjects, person, things or ideas. A type of opposition between two objects highlighting their differences

Antithesis

opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction