chapter 2 forensics (3)

What is a search incident to arrest?

A lawful search of an arrested person and the permitted immediate surrounding area.

What is a protective sweep?

A limited check of spaces where a dangerous person could be hiding, when legally justified.

What are exigent circumstances?

Emergencies requiring immediate action, such as preventing injury or destruction of evidence.

What is hot pursuit?

When officers actively pursue a suspect and legally enter to continue that pursuit under applicable rules.

What are airport and border searches?

Searches subject to special rules at borders and certain security checkpoints.

What is stop-and-frisk?

A brief stop and limited pat-down when legal standards for suspicion and safety are met.

What is an inventory search?

An administrative inventory of property, such as items in an impounded vehicle.

What are administrative searches?

Searches conducted for regulatory or safety purposes under applicable legal standards.

What are national-security searches?

Searches governed by special legal rules related to national security.

What is the exclusionary rule?

Evidence obtained through an unconstitutional search may be excluded from a criminal trial.

What is the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine?

Evidence derived from illegal police conduct may also be excluded, subject to exceptions.

Can illegally obtained evidence ever be used for another purpose?

Possibly; rules and exceptions vary by proceeding and purpose.

What happened in Mincy v. Arizona?

Police could not continue a detailed emergency-scene search for days without a warrant.

What happened in Michigan v. Tyler?

Fire-related entry and investigation were allowed for a reasonable time; later investigative entries generally required a warrant.

What did Carpenter v. United States address?

Access to certain cell-site location records generally requires a warrant.