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Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)

A principle of software engineering aimed at making it easier to maintain, update, and debug code.

Functions

Named containers for statements that can be invoked to execute code, improving readability and reducing repetition.

Built-in functions

Functions like print(), len(), and type() that come with Python and can be called without being defined first.

Docstring

A string written on the first line of a function's body that describes what the function does, shown by help() and in VS Code.

Parameters

Placeholders for inputs given to the function that can change the function's behavior.

Arguments

The actual values provided when invoking a function.

Return statements

Allow functions to produce values for use elsewhere in the program and terminate function execution.

Default values

Parameters can have these, allowing flexibility in how functions are called.

Keyword arguments

Allow arguments to be passed by name instead of by position.

NameError

Raised when a line uses a name that does not exist, often due to misspelling or scope issues.

TypeError

Raised when a value is the wrong type for what is requested in the code, or when incorrect arguments are given to a function.

Scope

Determines where variables can be accessed; includes global and local scopes.

Global scope

The file outside of any function, where variables are reachable anywhere in that file.

Local scope

The inside of a function, where variables exist only while the function is running.