The Foot & Ankle Complex - Muscles & Tendons

How many Plantarflexor muscles are there?

Eight

How many Invertor muscles are there?

Two

How many Evertor muscles are there?

Three

How many Dorsiflexor muscles are there?

Four

Name the eight Plantarflexor muscles.

Gastrocnemius (Medial and Lateral Belly), Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis Posterior, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus

What is the origin of the Medial Belly of Gastrocnemius?

Medial Femoral Condyle

What is the origin of the Lateral Belly of Gastrocnemius?

Lateral Femoral Condyle

What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius?

The Calcaneus (via the Achilles Tendon)

What is the action of Gastrocnemius?

Talocrural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

Tibiofemoral Flexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Gastrocnemius?

The ankle dorsiflexors, the knee extensors

What is the nerve supply of Gastrocnemius?

The Tibial nerve

What is the origin of Soleus?

Proximal posterior Tibia and Fibula

What is the insertion of Soleus?

The Calcaneus (via the Achilies Tendon)

What is the action of Soleus?

Talocrural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Soleus?

The ankle dorsiflexors

What is the nerve supply of Soleus?

The Tibial nerve

What is the origin of Plantaris?

Lateral Femoral Condyle

What is the insertion of Plantaris?

The medial side of Calcaneus (not via the Achilles Tendon)

What is the action of Plantaris?

Talocural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Plantaris?

The ankle dorsiflexors

What is the nerve supply of Plantaris?

The Tibial nerve

What is the origin of Tibialis Posterior?

Lateroposterior Tibia, upper half of Fibula

What is the insertion of Tibialis Posterior?

The Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms, Second, Third, and Fourth Metatarsals, Calcaneus (plantar surface)

What is the action of Tibialis Posterior?

Talocrural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

Subtalar Inversion (the Transverse plane)

What is the antagonist of Tibialis Posterior?

Ankle dorsiflexors, ankle evertors

What is the nerve supply of Tibialis Posterior?

The Tibial nerve

Name the two Ankle Invertor muscles.

Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior

What is the origin of Tibialis Anterior?

Upper two-thirds of lateral Tibia (anterior)

What is the insertion of Tibialis Anterior?

Medial Cuneiform (dorsal surface), Base of First Metatarsal (dorsal surface)

What is the action of Tibialis Anterior?

Subtalar Inversion (the Transverse plane)

Talocrural Dorsiflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Tibialis Anterior?

Subtalar evertors, Talocrural plantarflexors

What is the nerve supply of Tibialis Anterior?

The Deep Peroneal nerve

Name the three Ankle Evertor muscles.

Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Peroneus Tertius

What is the origin of Peroneus Longus?

Upper two-thirds of lateral Fibula

What is the insertion of Peroneus Longus?

Medial Cuneiform (plantar surface), Base of First Metatarsal (plantar surface)

What is the action of Peroneus Longus?

Subtalar Eversion (the Transverse plane)

Talocrural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Peroneus Longus?

Subtalar invertors, talocrural plantarflexors

What is the nerve supply of Peroneus Longus?

The Superficial Peroneal nerve

What is Peroneus Longus sometimes referred to as?

Fibularis Longus

What is the origin of Peroneus Brevis?

Lower two-thirds of lateral Fibula

What is the insertion of Peroneus Brevis?

Base of Fifth Metatarsal (plantar surface)

What is the action of Peroneus Brevis?

Subtalar Eversion (the Transverse plane)

Talocrural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Peroneus Brevis?

Subtalar invertors, Talocrural dorsiflexors

What is the nerve supply of Peroneus Brevis?

The Superficial Peroneal nerve

What is Peroneus Brevis sometimes referred to as?

Fibularis Brevis

What is the origin of Peroneal Tertius?

Distal anterior Fibula

What is the insertion of Peroneal Tertius?

Base of Fifth Metatarsal (dorsal surface)

What is the action of Peroneal Longus?

Subtalar Eversion (the Transverse plane)

Talocrural Dorsiflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Peroneal Longus?

Subtalar invertors, talocrural plantarflexors

What is the nerve supply of Peroneal Tertius?

The Deep Peroneal nerve

What is Peroneal Tertius sometimes referred to as?

Fibularis Tertius

How many Toe Flexor muscles are there?

Two

How many Toe Extensor muscles are there?

Two

Name the two Toe Flexor muscles.

Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus

Name the two Toe Extensor muscles.

Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus

What is the origin of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

Lower two-thirds of Fibula (posterior)

What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

Distal Phalange of the First Digit (plantar surface)

What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

First Toe Flexion (the Sagittal plane)

Talocrural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

First toe extensors, talocrural dorsiflexors

What is the nerve supply of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

The Tibial nerve

What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

Medial Fibula (posterior)

What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

Distal Phalange of the Second-Fifth Digits (plantar surface)

What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

Second-Fifth Toe Flexion (the Sagittal plane)

Talocrural Plantarflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

Second-fifth toe extensors, Talocrural dorsiflexors

What is the nerve supply of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

The Tibial nerve

What is the origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

Mid half of Fibula (anterior)

What is the insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

Distal Phalange of the First Toe (dorsal surface)

What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

First Toe Extension (the Sagittal plane)

Talocrural Dorsiflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

First toe flexors, Talocrural plantarflexors

What is the nerve supply of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

The Deep Peroneal nerve

What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

Upper two-thirds of anterior Fibula, Lateral Tibial Condyle

What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

Middle and Distal Phalange of the Second-Fifth Digits (dorsal surface)

What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

Second-Fifth Toe Extension (the Sagittal plane)

Talocrural Dorsiflexion (the Sagittal plane)

What is the antagonist of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

Second-Fifth toe flexors, Talocrural plantarflexors

What is the nerve supply of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

The Deep Peroneal nerve

Name the four Ankle Dorsiflexor muscles.

Tibialis Anterior, Peroneal Tertius, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus