unit 2 part 1 psych

Alexa Canady

1st Female African American neurosurgeon in the USA

Central nervous system consists of …

Brain and Spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous system is…

The areas surrounding the Central nervous system including all the peripheral areas

Somatic nervous system

Part of the peripheral nervous system, voluntary system

afferent neurons

Part of the Somatic Nervous System - sensory or touch - send sensory signals TO the brain

Efferent neurons

Part of the somatic nervous system - motor - send signals out to the body from the brain to make movements.

Autonomic Nervous system

Part of the peripheral Nervous system - involuntary - mostly influenced by hormones.

sympathetic

Part of the autonomic nervous system - fight or flight - heart rate quickens, skin get cold and clammy, pupils dilate.

Parasympathetic nervous system

part of the autonomic nervous system - slow acting, returns body to homeostasis.

vestibular sense

balance - deep inner ear

kinesthetic sense

where you are in a space

olfaction sense

sense of smell

gustatory sense

sense of taste

auditory sense

sense of hearing

optic sense

sense of sight

medulla

lowest part of the brain, keeps you alive - heart rate and breathing

cerebral cortex

outer layer of the brain - gray matter

endocrine system

hormone system

hormones

chemicals that float around in your blood that are given off by glands, secreted by glands.

Gland

sack of tissue, in your body, secrete chemical hormones and make things happen.

Hypothalamus roles

stimulates the master (pituitary) Gland. regulate/control the endocrine system

neuron

nerve cell - pick up and send signals - primary function of the nervous system

nucleus

located in the soma - contains DNA

Dendrites

connect to other neurons

receptors

on the membrane of dendrites

Neurotransmitters

send signals - carries info in a biochemical substance

vesicle

little sack inside the end of the axon terminals - contains neurotransmitters

action potential

movement of an impulse down the axon

synapse

the space between 2 neurons

axon

sends info away from the cell

terminals

branches at the end of the axon

soma

the body of the cell

myelin

fatty white substance that protects the axon

Acetylcholine

type of neurotransmitter - involved in voluntary movement , learning, memory and sleep

too much = depression

too little = dementia

Dopamine

Type of neurotransmitter - created with movement , attention, and learning.

too much = schizophrenia

too little = some forms of depression, and Parkinsons disease

Norepinephrine

type of neurotransmitter - associated with eating and alertness

too much = schizophrenia

too little = depression

Epinephrine

type of neurotransmitter - involved in energy and glucose metabolism

too little = depression

serotonin

type of neurotransmitter - plays a role in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive and aggressive behaviors

too little = depression, some anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder

Gamma Amino Butyric Acid - GABA

inhibits anxiety and excitation.

too little - anxiety disorders

Endorphins

type of neurotransmitter - involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure and contentment

Glile cells

support functions of the neuron

maintain chemical environment of the neuron

repair after injuries

produce myelin

insulates and speeds up neural signals

corpus colosseum

bundle of fibers that helps the hemispheres of the brain communicate

frontal lobe

located at the front of the brain on both sides.

cognition / thinking / memory / problem solving / organizing/ logic / personality/ sense of self

parietal lobe

sensory

brocas area is for

producing speech - left side of the brain only

wernikies area is for

making sense when you speak

occipital lobe

visual - located at the back of the brain - smallest of the lobes

temporal lobes

auditory

language is in

the left side of brain hemispheres

5 steps from sensation

receptors → thalamus → primary area → Association area → integration area

thalamus

very middle of the brain - relays ALL senses information to correct areas. (relay station)

Pons

puts you into sleep or takes you out of sleep

cerebellum

keeps balance / fine motor

Ataxia

Damaged cerebellum

Basal Ganglia

Connection between cerebellum and front 2 lobes. makes movements smoother

reticular information

nerves that run from the medulla up to the middle of the brain - for paying attention

Hypothalamus

located right under the thalamus - regulates hunger, thirst, fear, sex

Hippocampus

encodes declarative memories

EEG - Electroencephalography

faint electrical activity that is measured by putting electronics on the scalp. Measures brain waves.

alpha rhythms

more big and space

beta rhythms

smaller shorter rhythms

delta rhythms

huge rhythms - sleep

CT scan - Computed tomography scan

diagnosis procedure that uses special x-ray equipment to create cross sectional pictures of your body (Shows low resolution image of brain)

MRI - Magnetic resonance imaging

Shows high Resolution image of the brain

PET - Positron Emission tomography

shows functioning of the brain and uses radioactive material.