atomic structure flashcards atomic structure flashcards

Z

Atomic number

c (speed of light)

3.0 × 10^8 m/s

pauli exclusion principle

No, two electrons can occupy the same orbital with the same spin. This means no two electrons will have the same four quantum numbers.

A

Mass number

wavelength is in what unit

Meters

Aufbau principal

electrons fill from lowest to highest energy levels

X

Element symbol

C equals ?

C equals wavelength x frequency (v)

V is

frequency in hertz

Hunds rule

electrons must occupy available orbitals alone before pairing with other electrons

Q

Ionic charge

each orbital can hold a maximum of how many electrons with opposite spins?

Two

what is the difference between mass number and atomic mass?

atomic number is protons, atomic number is also electrons if the atom is neutral

how do relative masses of electrons protons and neutrons compare?

Protons and neutrons have around equal masses while electrons have a negligible mass.

what are protons and what is their significance in an atom?

Positively charged particles. They help identify an element by the proton count, and it maintains at atomic structure.

what happens when a neutral atom gains an electron? loses an electron?

when it gains or loses an electron, it becomes an ion. Gain = Anion Lose = cation

define isotope.

isotope is a version of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

are hydrogen three and helium three isotopes of the same element?

They are still the same element that have a different number of neutrons and masses. No, they Do not have the same number of protons.

True or false: Atoms of elements are electrically neutral

Sometimes true

True or false: The mass of an electron is equal to the mass of a neutron.

Never true

True or false: The charge on all protons is the same.

Always true

True or False : The atomic number of an element is the sum of the protons and electrons in the atom

Never true

True or false: an atom of nitrogen has seven protons and seven neutrons

Sometimes true

what is a quantum of energy?

A quantum of energy is the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level

True or false: According to Dalton’s atomic theory atoms are composed of protons electrons and neutrons.

Never true

True or false: The period determines the number of energy levels.

Always true

for two items to be isotopes…

They must have the same number of protons

what is an ion?

A particle with electrical charge

what are valence electrons?

Electrons in the outermost layer of an atom

elements in groups 13 - 18, the number of valence electrons are…

The last digit of the group number

are electrons, lighter or heavier than neutrons?

lighter

Dalton

solid spheres (Original “ Indivisible” Atom )

thomson

Plum pudding (Positive Goo with negative Raisins)

Bohr

planetary orbit (Electrons on fixed circular tracks)

Schrödinger

quantum cloud (Electrons are just “ Fuzzy” Probabilities)

what are noble gases? Where are they located on the periodic table?

Satisfied element - Perfect amount of electrons, so they don’t need to interact with other elements. Far right column, group 18.

describe the current model of an atom

Quantum mechanical theory - How electrons and other things behave in the universe and how orbitals work

True or false: Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons

True

True or false: Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of protons.

False

what is a photoelectric effect?

One light of a certain wavelength Or frequency is shined on the surface of a given metal, the metal will emit electrons. This is because I have enough energy to knock off the surface of the metal.

True or false: Atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers

True

True or false: Atoms of two different element elements can have the same number of neutrons

True

define orbital

A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons

plane proposed to what following relationship between energy and frequency

E equals H times V

what is plank’s constant?

6.626×10 to the -34th power

define quantum theory

The present day model of the atom in which electrons are located in orbitals

define isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

define nucleon

A proton or a neutron, a particle found in the nucleus

an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative electric charge because it has lost or gained electrons is an

Ion

in anion is an ion with a ___ charge

negative

what kind of electrons occupy the outermost energy level of an atom?

Valence electrons

Max plank suggested energy is not admitted as waves but in small specific amounts called what?

Quanta

The chloride ion and the chlorine Atom have the same or different numbers of electrons?

Different

A cat ion is an ion with a positive or negative charge?

Positive

many stable ions have the same electron arrangement as

A noble gas

what is a quantum of energy?

The amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level

what do S and P orbitals look like

s orbitals are spherical, and p orbitals are dumbbell shaped

Rutherford

Gold foil experiment