Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown p1 wk3

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to glycogen synthesis and breakdown as discussed in the lecture.

Glycogen

The polymeric form of glucose, stored in the body for energy.

Glycogen Synthesis

The process by which glucose is converted into glycogen for storage.

Glycogenolysis

The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose.

Alpha 1-4 Glycosidic Bond

The type of bond between glucose molecules in glycogen chains.

Alpha 1-6 Glycosidic Bond

The type of bond that causes branching in glycogen.

Glycogenin

A dimer that acts as a primer for the synthesis of glycogen.

Non-reducing Sugar

A sugar that does not have a free aldehyde or ketone, cannot be oxidized.

Glycogen Synthase

An enzyme responsible for the synthesis of glycogen from glucose.

Glycogen Phosphorylase

An enzyme responsible for the breakdown of glycogen.

Energy Yield from Glycogen

Approximately 4 kilocalories per gram when glycogen is broken down.

Energy from Protein

Approximately 4 kilocalories per gram when protein is broken down.

Energy from Fat

Approximately 9 kilocalories per gram when fat is broken down.

Liver and Muscles

The primary tissues where glycogen is stored and metabolized.

UDP Glucose

Activated form of glucose used in the synthesis of glycogen.

Phosphoglucomutase

An enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate.

Glycogen Stores in a 70-kilogram Male

Approximately 480 grams of glycogen can be stored at any time.

Glycogen Branching

Occurs via alpha 1-6 bonds and contributes to the structure of glycogen.