Cytokines - Immuno Exam 1

IL-1

pro-inflammatory; promotes fever, endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment; works with TNF-alpha and IL-6

IL-2

lymphocyte growth and survival signal, supports proliferation of activated T-cells and survival of regulatory T-cells

IL-4

promotes Th2 differentiation and B-cell responses; type 2 immune program (defense against helminth, allergic inflammation)

IL-6

acute-phase/inflammatory cytokine; promotes fever, stimulates liver, supports endothelial activation

IL-10

anti-inflammatory/regulatory function, terminates responses to reduce tissue damage, regulates inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages/DCs

IL-12

activates NK cells, increases IFN-gamma production, promotes Th1 differentiation and type 1 immune program; strengthens defenses against intracellular pathogens

IL-17

effector cytokine in type 17 response, promotes neutrophil recruitment and barrier defenses (useful against extracellular bacteria and epithelial fungi)

IL-23

supports IL-17 and Th17 differentiation

inflammation

IL-6, IL-1, TNF-alpha (fever, endothelial activation, acute phase)

expansion

IL-2 (proliferation and maintenance of T-cells)

Type 1 differentiation

IL-12 (IFN-gamma production, Th1 differentiation)

Type 2 differentiation

IL-4 (B-cell responses, Th2 differentiation)

Type 17 axis

IL-23 (sustains Th17 cells), IL-17 (neutrophil recruitment, barrier strengthening)

Restraint

IL-10 (reduces inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages and dendritic cells)

interferons

antiviral defense and macrophage activation

TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6

acute phase response, inflammation, endothelial activation, fever

Type 1 vs type 2 immune programs

IL-12 & IFN-gamma vs IL-4 & IL-13

IL-10 and TGF-beta

restraint, tolerance, tissue repair (too much TGF-B can cause fibrosis of tissue)

colony stimulating factors

production, survival, and maturation of leukocytes

chemokines

cell positioning, homing, recruitment