Civil Rights

discrimination

to notice a difference and to treat differently

Civil Rights Act of 1964

forbade discrimination in public facilities, such as restaurants and parks, and in the use of federal funds

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

Ruled that public schools must be desegregated with “all deliberate speed”

Voting Rights Act of 1965

allowed federal officials to register voters in states where local officials practiced discrimination

prejudice

to judge beforehand

Plessy v Ferguson

1896 Supreme court case that established the “separate but Equal” clause, allowing for state governments to create segregationist laws and policies, also known as “Jim Crow”

15th Amendment

declared that no person shall have the right to vote decided on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of being a slave

Civil Rights Act of 1968

forbade discrimination in housing based on race

de facto segregation

separation of groups that occurs by choice and/or tradition

14th Amendment

prohibits the states from denying rights and privileges of citizenship to any citizen; extended citizen to blacks

racism

the belief in racial superiority

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

outlawed the poll tax

de jure segregation

separation of groups by law or institution

13th Amendment

announced that there would be no slavery in any state of the United States

Emancipation Proclamation

freed slaves in all territories held by states in rebellion with the Union during the Civil War

Betty Friedan

Author of The Feminine Mystique

Sojourner Truth

Former slave and orator, who began a lecture tour that included a women’s rights conference in Akron, Ohio, where she delivered her famous “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech. In it, she challenged prevailing notions of racial and gender inferiority and inequality by reminding listeners of her combined strength (she was over 6' tall and jacked!) and female status.
During the 1850’s, she continued speaking nationally and helped slaves escape to freedom. When the Civil War started, she urged young men to join the Union cause and organized supplies for black troops. After the war, she was honored with an invitation to the White House and became involved with the Freedmen’s Bureau, helping freed slaves find jobs and build new lives. While in Washington, DC, she lobbied against segregation, and in the mid 1860s, when a streetcar conductor tried to violently block her from riding, she ensured his arrest and won her subsequent case. In the late 1860s, she collected thousands of signatures on a petition to provide former slaves with land, though Congress never took action. Nearly blind and deaf towards the end of her life, she spent her final years in Michigan.

Sandra Day O'Connor

First woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court

Booker T. Washington

Born into slavery and rose to become a leading African American intellectual of the 19th century, founding Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (Now Tuskegee University) in 1881 and the National Negro Business League two decades later. He advised Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. His infamous conflicts with Black leaders like W. E. B. Du Bois over segregation caused a stir, but today, he is remembered as the most influential African American speaker of his time.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Baptist minister and pivotal leader of the Civil Rights Movement that started in the mid-1950s.  Advocate for peaceful, yet active resistance.  His assassination caused rioting in numerous U.S. cities.

Emmett Till

14 year-old boy who was abducted, tortured and killed for "talking fresh to a white woman".  His murder, and the image of his corpse, some believe was a pivotal moment in starting the Civil Rights Movement.

Susan B. Anthony

person who proposed a women's suffrage amendment to the Constitution

Lucretia Mott

reformer who, with Elizabeth Lady Stanton, campaigned for women's rights.

Kamala Harris

first woman U.S. Vice President

Rosa Parks

Often referred to as "The First Lady of Civil Rights".  Her arrest in Montgomery, Alabama starts a movement to strike down discriminatory policies on public busses, but eventually will lead to challenge all Jim Crow era policies.

Frederick Douglass

A formerly enslaved man who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the Civil War. After that conflict and the Emancipation Act of 1862, he continued to push for equality and human rights until his death in 1895.
Wrote his 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of XXXXXXXXXX, an American Slave, described his time as an enslaved worker in Maryland. It was one of five autobiographies he penned, along with dozens of noteworthy speeches, despite receiving minimal formal education.

Malcolm X

Nation of Islam member and Black Nationalist leader.  His view was more militant and potentially violent as compared to his contemporaries.  His assassination caused rioting in numerous U.S. cities.

W. E. B. DuBois

An African American writer, teacher, sociologist and activist whose work transformed the way that the lives of Black citizens were seen in American society. Considered ahead of his time, he was an early champion of using data to solve social issues for the Black community, and his writing—including his groundbreaking The Souls of Black Folk—became required reading in African American studies.  Leader of the early NAACP.

Iroquois

What was the name of the confederation of five (later

six) nations across upper New York state that played a strategic

role in the struggle between the French and British for control

of North America?

Cherokee

Which group constituted one of the largest

politically integrated tribes at the time of European colonization

of the Americas?

Apache

Which people, guided by leaders such as Chochise and

Geronimo, resisted white colonization of their homeland in the

Southwest by both Spaniards and North American settlers for

generations?

Natchez

Which people inhabited the east bank of the lower Mississippi

River and had a caste system, hereditary aristocracy, and lineage

of rulership?

Mandan

In the 19th century which people lived in dome-shaped earth

lodges clustered in stockaded villages that were led by three

chiefs-one for war, one for peace, and one as the day-to-day

village leader?

Black Hawk

In 1832 which 65-year-old Sauk warrior led some

1,000 Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo men, women, and children across

the Mississippi River to reclaim land in Illinois that tribal

spokesmen had surrendered to the U.S. in 1804?

Red Cloud

Who was the principal chief of the Oglala Teton Dakota (Sioux)

who successfully resisted the U.S. government's development of

the Bozeman Trail?

Hopi

Which people's origin traditions tell that their ancestors climbed

upward through underground chambers called kivas and lived in

many places before reaching their present settlements in the

Fourth World?

Tecumseh

Who was the Shawnee chief, orator, military leader, and

advocate of intertribal Indian alliance who directed resistance to

white rule in the Ohio River valley?

Elizabeth Blackwell

The first woman to graduate from medical school and opened a college with Florence Nightingale.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Political leader who planned the Seneca Falls Convention and wrote the “Declaration of sentiments”

Margaret Sanger

A New York nurse who had the idea for “the pill” and later opened the first birth control clinic

Katherine McCormick

chose not to have children due to her husbands mental illness and provided most of the funding for birth control research

Jeanette Rankin

First woman to hold a seat in the U.S. house of Representatives

Emma Willard

She opened a high school and showed many that woman could be educators as well as students

Roe Vs. Wade

The court case that lead to the legalization of abortion, when Norma McCorvey went against the court saying that abortion laws went against a woman’s right to privacy

Seneca Falls Convention

What convention is a marker (beginning) of the United States Women’s Rights Movement?

!9th Amendment

What amendment gave woman the right to vote?

The largest protest of the women’s rights movement

What event was a result of the suffragists asking to be held as political prisoners

The woman were arrested

What was a common result of women protesting outside of the White House?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Who wrote the Declaration of Sentiments?

True or false: Susan B. Anthony died before the 19th Amendment was enacted

True