U2 chem organic chem

what is homologous series

group of organic compounds with same functional group/general formula

what is a functional group

• atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds its reactivity

what is a general formula

determine molecular formula in homologous series

what are isomers

molecules have same molecular formulas/diffrent structural formulae

what are structural isomers

both molecules have same molecular formulas but diffrent structural formulae

what are stereoisomers

• molecules that have same molecular formula and structural formula but atoms arranged differently in space

what is addition (organic reactions)

combination of two molecules to form single product

elimination (organic reations)

removal of a small molecule from an organic compound

what is subsititution

replacements of one atom or functional group with another group or atom

what is complete combustion

all of the carbon/hydrogen is converted into co2/h20

incomplete combustion

carbon monoxide or unburnt particulates are produced instead of co2

combustion

exothermic reaction releases heat energy

cracking of alkanes

• found in crude oils greater demand for society

• breaks large alkane chains into smaller hydrocarbons

• done under high temp/pressure conditions

polymerisation

• combination of many small molecules called monomers to form polymers

uses of polyethene

• plastic disposable bags/bottles

• clingfilm packaging

• washing up bowls

PLC (polychloroethene)

• drain pipes/guttering

• insulation for electrical cables

• rainproof clothing