Social Psychology Chapter 8

Group Influence

group

two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as “us”

social facilitation

WAS: perform simple or well learned tasks better when others are present the

IS: strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others

evaluation apprehension

concern for how others are evaluating us

social loafing

the tendency for people to exert less effort toward a common goal than when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable

free riders

people who benefit from the group but give little in return

deindividuation

loss of self awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms, good or bad

self awareness

a self conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself; makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions

social comparison

evaluating one’s opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others

pluralistic ignorance

a false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding

groupthink

the desire for harmony in a group leads to irrational, non-optimal, or unethical decision-making by suppressing dissent

leadership

the process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group

task leadership

leadership that organizes work, sets standards, and focuses on goals.

social leadership

leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

transformational leadership

leadership that, enabled by a leader’s vision and inspiration, exerts significant influence