(L3) main sub cellular structures

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of Lysosomes

• Function: Break down old cell parts into molecules using digestive enzymes
• Structure: Small and round, formed in the Golgi apparatus
• Size: $0.1 - 1.2\,\mu\text{m}$
• Observation: Electron microscopes

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of Ribosomes

• Function: Synthesise proteins to be exported
• Structure: Small circles bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Size: $20\,\text{nm}$
• Observation: Electron microscopes

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of Chloroplasts

• Function: Capture sun energy for photosynthesis
• Structure: Thylakoid, granum, stroma, inner, inter, and outer membranes, and intergranal lamellae
• Observation: Electron microscopes to see internal structures

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of Mitochondria

• Function: Produce ATP and carry out aerobic respiration
• Structure: Rod, circular, or oval shapes
• Size: $1 - 10\,\mu\text{m}$ long
• Observation: Electron microscopes for internal structures

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of Golgi apparatus

• Function: Modify and pack proteins into vesicles and transport them to the membrane
• Structure: System of vesicles and flattened sacs
• Size: $1 - 3\,\mu\text{m}$
• Observation: Electron microscopes

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Function: Transport substances to different points in the cell
• Structure: System of membranes coated with ribosomes
• Size: $30 - 50\,\text{nm}$
• Observation: Electron microscope only

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Function: Contains enzymes to catalyse reactions, synthesise cholesterol, and absorb/transport lipids and enzymes
• Structure: System of membranes
• Size: $30 - 100\,\text{nm}$
• Observation: Electron microscopes

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of a Nucleus

• Function: Store DNA, regulate cell processes, and serve as the site of transcription
• Structure: Nucleolus, nuclear pores, and nuclear envelope
• Size: $5 - 10\,\mu\text{m}$
• Observation: Light microscope

Function, structure, what you can observe with and size of a Vacuole

• Function: Maintain cell turgidity, store mineral salts, and isolate waste
• Structure: Permeable cell membrane surrounded by tonoplast
• Size: $10 - 40\,\mu\text{m}$