Cell Biology

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts related to cell structure and function based on the lecture notes.

Cell

The smallest unit of life, making up all living organisms.

Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that does not have a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that has a nucleus, such as plant and animal cells.

Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of a cell that controls the movement of substances in and out.

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance inside the cell where cellular reactions occur.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains DNA and regulates cell activities.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell; they produce energy.

Ribosomes

Small structures that synthesize proteins; can be free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that packages proteins and sends them to their destinations.

Lysosomes

Organelles that break down waste and recycle cellular components.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer of plant cells that provides structure and support, made of cellulose.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll.

Vacuole

A large storage organelle in plant cells that holds water and other substances.