Korean Grammar and Vocabulary Notes

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Korean connective particles, conjunctions, verb endings, and common grammatical patterns.

V~(으)면서

A grammar pattern meaning "while V~ing," used when two actions are happening at the same time by the same subject.

그리고

A conjunction meaning "and" or "then."

그래서

A conjunction meaning "so," "therefore," or "that's why."

그런데

A conjunction meaning "but," "by the way," or "however."

그러면

A conjunction meaning "then," "in that case," or "if so."

~아서/어서

A connective verb ending meaning "because" or "so," indicating cause or reason.

거예요

An expression meaning "it will be so," translated as "I am" or "I will."

의

A particle expressing possession, equivalent to "'s."

아야/어야

A verbal ending meaning "must," "have to," or "need to."

~지요?

A verb ending used for seeking agreement, equivalent to "right?" or "isn't it?"

V-고 있다

A verb structure meaning "is/are doing," indicating an action in progress.

V~는 N

A relative clause structure meaning "the N that (someone) V" or "is V-ing," turning a verb into a noun modifier.

V-고 싶다

A grammar form meaning "I want to V."

V-고 싶어하다

The third-person version of 고 싶다, meaning "(someone else) wants to V."

V~(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다

A grammar structure meaning "can/cannot V" (ability or possibility); takes -ㄹ 수 있다 after a vowel and -을 수 있다 after a consonant.

~(으)ㄹ게요

A verb ending meaning "I will V," indicating a promise or decision made at the moment of speaking.

V~(으)러 가다

A grammar form meaning "go in order to V," indicating the purpose of going or coming.

못

An adverb placed before a verb meaning "can't" or "unable to."

~(으)려고 하다

A verbal construction meaning "to intend to," "to be planning to," or "to be about to."

에서 ~ 까지

A particle pair meaning "from ~ to" used for places (from here to there).

부터 ~ 까지

A particle pair meaning "from ~ to" used specifically for time instead of place.

걸려요 (걸리다)

A verb meaning "to take (time)," used to describe how long something takes.

줄까요?

An expression meaning "Should I do it for you?"

줬어요

An expression meaning "I did it for you."

로

A particle meaning "by" and "towards."

-(으)면

A conditional ending meaning "if" or "when" (used as -면 after a vowel).