Unit 4 World

Dar al Islam

House of Islam; lands where Islam is the main religion and Muslim rule or influence is present

Muslim

A person who follows and obeys religion of Islam

Quran

The holy book of Islam

Islam

A religion based on belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of his prophet Mohammed

Medina

A city in Arabia where Mohammed and his followers built an army and started war against Mecca. Also part of the journey in the Hajj.

People of the Book

Term used in Islam for followers of earlier religions that share the same scriptures, prophets,God, especially Jews and Christians

Sunni

The largest branch of Islam, believed that the Muslim community should choose its leaders, any good Muslim can be leader

Fall of Rome 476

When Rome is split into East and West by Emperor Constantine making the West weaker. After centuries of invasions by Germanic tribes, loss of Western territories, city of Rome is defeated for the last time.

Monasteries

Places where monks pray, live, study, and preserve knowledge. Known for being the few places with silver, gold, books and it was defenseless so it was an easy target for the Vikings.

Charlemagne

A powerful Frankish King who united most of Western Europe and crowned Roman emperor by the Pope; encouraged Christianity and education to make a better society

Chilvary

A code of conduct for knights that emphasized loyalty, bravery, honor, and protecting others

Roman Catholic

The Western branch of Christianity led by the Pope in Rome

Crusades 1-4

A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims, mainly over control of the Holy land (Jerusalem). The first four Crusades took place between 1096 and 1204

Constantinople/Istanbul

Captial of the Byzantine empire (east) and an important trade center. The best, powerful people moved there and they avoided the dark ages

Seljuk Turks

A muslim Turkish group that took over Palestine (Holy Lands) and threatened the Byzantine empire, helping lead the first crusade

Middle Class

A social group that wasn’t born into Noble families but they were richer than Nobles

Humanism

A renaissance way of thinking, you should develop all your talents and skills and reach your highest potential because it’s a way of celebrating God and the gifts He gave you.

Michaelangelo

Famous Renaissance painter, sculptor, musician, known for painting the Sistine Chapel andsculpting David and Pieta

Machiavelli

Renaissance writer who wrote The Prince describing how a ruler should act. His belief is to do whatever it takes to stay in power because the end justifies the means.

Vernacular

Ther everyday language spoken by ordinary people. Dante Alighieri helped make the Vernacular language more popular by writing the Divine Comedy in Italian instead of Latin

Mohammed

The prophet and founder of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the final prophet of God

Khadija

Mohammed’s wife, first Muslim, first to accept her husband as Allah

Mosque

Place of worship for Muslims

The 5 pillars of Islam

5 basic duties of Muslims

1. Profess there’s no other God than Allah and Mohammed is His prophet

2. Pray 5 times a day

3. Give to charity

4. Fast during sunlight hours in the month of Ramadan

5. The Hajj

The Hajj

The religious pilgrimage to Mecca and at least once to Medina, ending at the greatest Maas at least once if they’re physically and financially stable.

Kaaba

A sacred building in Mecca that Muslims face when they pray

Shia (Shi’ite)

A branch of Islam who’s followers believe Ali, Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law should have been his successor. They believe only blood relatives of Mohammed can be caliph.

Dark Ages

Term used in the early middle ages of Europe, a period when learning and trade declined in some areas after the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Feudalism/Manorialism

System where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service. Manorialism was the economic system where peasants worked on a lord’s estate in exchange for protection and a place to live.

Holy Roman Emperor

The ruler of Holy Roman empire, a political empire in central Europe that began under Charlemagne after being crowned by the Pope

Byzantine Empire

Eastern Roman empire that continued after the Western Roman empire fell; with Constantinople as it's capital. Byzantine was the original Greek name until Constantinople.

Eastern orthodox

A major branch in Christianity that developed in the Eastern Roman Empire and separated from the Roman catholic church

Saladin

Led the second crusade of Muslim forces retaking the Holy Land, including Jerusalem

Jerusalem

City in the middle east considered holy by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

The Magna Carta

Document signed by King John of England because Nobles were tired of being taxed. They threatened him in order for him to sign it, it said the king has t follow the law and ask Nobles to raise taxes. STEP TOWARDS DEMOCRACY

Printing Press

Machine that allowed books to be made faster and cheaper, spreading knowledge in the Renaissance

Renaissance Man

A person who is skilled and knowledgeable in many different subjects, such as art, science, writing

Raphael

Renaissance painter known for his work, school of Athens, the Vatican, and Sistine Madonna

Dante Alighieri

Italian writer who wrote the Divine comedy in Italian Vernacular instead of Latin making everyday language more popular

The Black Plague

A deadly disease outbreak that killed millions in Europe and caused major social and economical changes

Arabian Oeninsula

A large area of land in Southwest Asia where Islam began

Allah

The Arabic word for God

Imam

A Muslim religious leader who leads prayers and helps guide the Muslim community

Mecca

The holiest city in Saudi Arabia where Mohammed was born and the Kaaba is located. Where Mohammed forced Islam by war and no trade

Ramadan

A holy month when Muslims fast from dawn to sunset as an act of worship but they can break their fast after sunset.

Caliph

A leader of the Muslim leader who came after Mohammed

House of Wisdom

A famous center of learning in Baghdad where scholars studied, translated, and collected knowledge

barter

Trading goods or services without using money

Vassals

Anyone who owes loyalty and services to someone else in exchange with land

Lords, Knights, Peasants, Clergy

Important groups in medieval European society: Lords owned land, the strongest of them were chosen to be king, knights provided military protection, peasants worked the land, and clergy were religious leaders

The Great Schism

The split of Christianity into the Roman catholic church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox in the East because arguments between Rome and Constantinople

Cyrillic Alphabet

A writing system that includes a mix of Greek and Viking letters adopted by the Russians

Gothic Cathedrals

Large medieval churches known for pointed arches, tall cielings, stained-glass windos, and flying buttresses.

Venice

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