Matter and Energy

How does temperature affect gas density?

Increasing temperature reduces density because molecules spread out.

Kinetic energy depends on which two factors?

Mass and velocity

Which formula is used to calculate density?

Density = Weight / Volume

Why do liquids maintain a constant volume but change shape?

They are incompressible but take the shape of their container.

Why does water at 4°C serve as the reference for specific gravity?

It has maximum density at this temperature.

Why is specific gravity important in aviation fuel systems?

It determines fuel density and energy content.

If the specific gravity of an aviation fluid is 0.85, how does it compare to water?

It is less dense than water

Potential energy is best described as:

Stored energy that has the capacity to do work.

What best explains why gases are compressible while solids and liquids are not?

Gas molecules are farther apart and have more space to compress.

How does density altitude affect aircraft performance?

Higher density altitude reduces engine performance and lift.

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that:

Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle.

What type of energy transformation occurs in a jet engine?

Chemical energy in fuel is converted into heat and kinetic energy.

Which of the following factors affects the boiling point of a liquid?

Atmospheric pressure

The hydrometer is used to measure:

Specific gravity of liquids.

Which of the following is an example of energy conversion in aviation?

Jet fuel combustion converting chemical energy into kinetic energy.

If a Boeing 747 (450,000 lb.) is lifted 10 feet, what is its potential energy?

4,500,000 ft-lb

Which of the following is not a characteristic of matter?

t can be created or destroyed.

If an Airbus A380 (600,000 lbs) is moving at 150 ft/sec, what happens to its kinetic energy if the speed doubles?

It increases four times

An aircraft sitting on a runway has what type of energy?

Potential energy

Why does aviation fuel need a high energy density?

To provide maximum power with minimal weight.