chicsno studies

Epistemologies

Branch of philosophy that studies nature, origin, scope, and limited human knowledge

Casts paintings

Spanish colonial rule, used to categorize people based on racial ancestry

US Mexican war

1846-1848: dispute between US and Mexico for annexation of Texas bc of US expansion

Treaty of Hidalgo

End Mexican-American war; US expansion from Atlantic to pacific, Mexicans annexed territories had choice to relocate or become US citizen

Manifest destiny

1800s; Americans believe it is god given right for US to expand across North America

Colonialism

When another usually stronger country takes control of another territory and people for own benefit (economical or political)

Colonial racial capitalism

System in which colonialism, racism, and capitalism work together to create wealth and power through exploitation (indigenous lands, resources, people)

Settler colonialism

Form of colonialism which outsiders move into territory with intention of establishing permanent society

Coloniality

Invisible, underlying logic and underlying legacy of domination that persists in daily life , economy, and knowledge production

Racialization

Act of imposing racial hierarchies onto groups of people (construction of Mexican and indigenous works as supposedly cheap, exploitable, replaceable, or suited for agricultural labor)

Mestizaje

Individual that was mixed racially or ethnically

Assimilation

People pressured to adapt to customs of dominant society, sometimes at expense of own culture

Bracero program

1942-1964; opportunity for Mexican farm workers to immigrate legally, but temporarily work in US

Zoot suit riots

US servicemen attacked Mexican Americans wearing zoot suits and instead of helping, police arrested large groups of Mexican Americans

Farm workers movement

Farm workers protest and boycott due to mistreatment and low wages; UFW, Larry itliong

Dolores Huerta

Founder of UFW and farm workers movement, organize Delano grape strike 1965

Larry itliong

Filipino immigrant, Filipino farm labor union & Alaska cannery workers union, 1948 asparagus strike action

Luis Valdez, grassroots theatre productions to bring farmworkers to movement; established culture expression as part of movement

Artivism

Combines art and activism to bring widespread social and political change using creative expression; cultural change necessary to turn labor movement into cultural movement

Luis Valdez

Delano-born Mexican playwright, born to farm workers, founded el Teatro campesino

Sal Castro

Mexican American teacher who helped lead Chicano high school walkouts in east LA to fight educational inequalities

Chicano movement

1960-1970; civil rights movement where Mexican-Americans fought for better education, labor rights, and political power

Blow outs

Student led movement to push for greater access, student support, and educational reform

Chicano/chicana/chinanx

Political identity for Mexican descent in US

United fruit company

United States corporation that controlled large sums of land in Central America; heavy influence over politics; push for 1945 coup in Guatemala after threatening holdings

Us imperialism

US extending military power to country to protect own interests

Cold War anticommunism

US government (CIA military) develop and support coups to overthrow democratically elected leftist leaders whose ideals aligned with communism (Guatemala’s Jacobo arbenz)

Guatemalan coup of 1954

Coup against Jacobo arbenz due to the fact his land reforms would hinder American interests. Coup created authoritarian government, causing political instability in Guatemala

Guatemalan civil war

1960-1966; conflict between gueatemalan government and leftist rebels and result of instability. Many deaths, disappearances of indigenous

Indigenous Genocide in Guatemala

Prosecution and systemic killing of Mayan communities during civil war. Guatemalan military destroy villages and target indigenous

Oscar Arnulfo Romero

Archbishop of San Salvador; used radio homilies to denounce killings and call end to representation

Visual disobedience

Art that defies visual coloniality, system that renders indigenous people invisible, frozen in past, or reduced to symbols

Criminalization

Individuals, specifically youth questioned and judged based on clothing, hairstyles and affiliation

Sanctuary movement

Religious institutions and leaders defied Reagan-era federal law that turned away refugees fleeing civil wars in Guatemala, Nicaragua, and elsewhere Salvador (rev. John fife of south side Presbyterian church in Tucson)

Refugee

Person outside country of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return because of persecution based on race, religion, or nationality

Asylum seeker

Someone who meets same persecution as refugee, but request protection at US port of entry or when already inside