PATHFIT 1 - Physical Education and Anatomical Foundations

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Physical Education principles, legal bases, health- and skill-related fitness components, anatomical structures, body types, planes, and movements from PATHFIT 1.

Physical Education

An integral part of the educational program designed to promote the optimum development of an individual physically, mentally, socially, emotionally, and spiritually through body movements.

RA No. 5708

An Act Providing for the Promotions and Financing of an Integrated Physical Education and Sports Development Program for the Schools in the Philippines, known as "The Schools Physical Education and Sports Development Act of 1969."

Health-Related Fitness

Components of physical fitness that have a direct relationship with good health.

Body Composition

The relative amount of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body.

Cardiovascular Endurance

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.

Flexibility

The full range of motion available at a joint, or the ability to bend easily without breaking.

Muscular Endurance

The ability of a muscle to continue to perform work without fatigue.

Muscular Strength

The ability of a muscle to exert force.

Skill-Related Fitness

Components of fitness that have a relationship with enhanced performance in sports and motor skills.

Agility

The ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space with speed and accuracy.

Balance

The maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving.

Coordination

The use of the senses (such as sight and hearing) together with body parts in performing motor tasks smoothly and accurately.

Power

The ability or rate at which one can perform work.

Speed

The ability to perform a movement over a short period of time.

Reaction Time

The time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it.

Physical Fitness

The ability to carry out daily tasks without undue fatigue (Merriam-Webster).

Aerobic Fitness

The cornerstone of most fitness training programs focusing on cardio or endurance (Mayo Clinic).

Core Exercises

Exercises targeting the muscles in the abdomen, lower back, and pelvis; a key element of a well-rounded fitness training program.

Contralateral

Denoting or referring to the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs.

Ipsilateral

Occurring on or affecting the same side of the body.

Mobility

The ability to move freely and easily.

Locomotor Movement

Movement that travels and allows an individual to move from one place to another.

Non-Locomotor Movement

Movement performed on the spot without moving from one place to another.

Quickening

A baby's first recognizable movement inside the mother's womb.

Movement Education

A wide variety of experiential activities through which an individual learns the capabilities of their body.

Kinesiology / Sports Biomechanics

The academic study and science of human movement.

Exercise Physiology

The study of internal systems and how they are affected by exercise, science, and body movements.

Sports Psychology

The study of human behavior and mental processes that influence sports performance and exercise.

Anatomy

The branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and the parts that work together to produce movement.

Epidemiology

The branch of medicine dealing with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

Posture

The position, pose, or figure of the body, specifically in sitting and standing positions.

Alignment

The proper positioning or state of adjustment of parts of the body in relation to each other.

Placement

The accurate and suitable placing of different parts of the body.

Asthenic

A physique classification proposed by Ernst Kretschmer characterized by a thin, small, and weak build.

Athletic (Kretschmer)

A physique classification proposed by Ernst Kretschmer characterized by a muscular and large-boned build.

Pyknic

A physique classification proposed by Ernst Kretschmer characterized by a stocky and fat build.

Ectomorph

Sheldon's body type characterized as lean, slim, shallow-chested, and tall relative to weight, having difficulty building muscle.

Mesomorph

Sheldon's body type characterized by a muscular build with broad shoulders, a well-developed chest, robust strength, good metabolism, and responsive muscle cells.

Endomorph

Sheldon's body type characterized by a broad, rounded figure, large head, heavy neck, ruddy face, and a high tendency to store body fat.

Femur

The thigh bone, recognized as the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

Pectoralis Major

A chest muscle whose primary functions are to adduct, flex, and medially rotate the upper arm.

Pectoralis Minor

A chest muscle that functions to pull the scapula (shoulder blade) forward and downward.

Serratus Anterior

A muscle of the chest and ribs that functions to draw the scapula forward.

Deltoid

The shoulder muscle whose primary function is to abduct the arm.

Biceps Brachii

An anterior arm muscle that functions to flex and supinate the forearm.

Trapezius

A large back muscle that raises the shoulder, extends the head, bends the head toward the shoulder, and turns the head toward the opposite side.

Latissimus Dorsi

A broad back muscle that adducts, extends, and medially rotates the arm, and depresses the shoulder.

Biceps Femoris

A posterior thigh muscle that functions to extend the lower leg.

Gluteus Maximus

The largest buttock muscle whose primary function is to extend the femur.

Coronal Plane

A vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front/belly) and posterior (back) sections.

Transverse Plane

A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts, roughly perpendicular to the spine.

Sagittal Plane

Any anatomical plane oriented parallel to the median plane that divides the body into left and right sections.

Flexion

An anatomical movement that decreases the angle between bones at a joint.

Extension

An anatomical movement that increases the joint angle back toward the resting anatomical position.

Abduction

Moving a body part away from its resting anatomical position in the coronal plane.

Adduction

Returning a body part toward its normal resting anatomical position in the coronal plane.

Circumduction

A circular compound movement combining multiple actions, occurring exclusively at ball-and-socket joints.

Dorsiflexion / Eversion

Movement of the foot that refers to bringing the soles outward so they face away from the midline of the body.

Plantarflexion / Inversion

Movement of the foot that refers to bringing the soles inward so they face toward the midline of the body.

Protraction

An anterior anatomical movement that refers to protruding or sticking forward (occurring in the scapula and mandible).

Retraction

A posterior anatomical movement that refers to bringing together or pulling back (occurring in the scapula and mandible).