States of Matter: Solids

intramolecular bonds

bonds within molecules

intramolecular bond types

ionic, covalent, metallic

intermolecular bonds

bonds between molecules

intermolecular bond types

van der Waal's (London dispersion), dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding

van der Waal's (London dispersion)

a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

dipole-dipole

attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules

ion-dipole

the charge of an ion is attracted to the partial charge on a polar molecule

hydrogen bonding

the intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule

crystalline solids

highly organized lattice structures; definite melting point

polymorphic crystalline solids

same material can havedifferent lattice arrangementsand therefore differentphysical properties

amorphous solids

irregular structures; no clear melting point

polymeric solids

repetition of a basic structure

eutectic point

two solids interact to depress each other's melting points

danger for inter-conversion

some polymeric forms are more stable than others

poor solubility

generally poor bio-availability to the patient

salts

ionic compounds made from the neutralization of an acid with a base

heteromeric crystals

have other types of molecules (e.g. water or

counter ions) accommodated in the crystal lattice

hydrate

compound that has water chemically attached to its ions and written into its chemical formula

solvate

a compound formed by solvation (the combination of solvent molecules with molecules or ions of the solute)