1. Betty neuman

Open System

A system that interacts with its environment and is more than the sum of its parts.

Balance

A key concept in systems theory indicating stability within a system.

System

A goal-oriented phenomenon reliant on the dynamic interplay of its parts, including input, output, and feedback.

Betty Neuman

Born in 1924, she is a nurse and psychologist known for the Neuman Systems Model.

Neuman Systems Model

Focuses on client systems responding to environmental stressors with varied nursing prevention interventions.

Holistic Overview

An approach that encompasses physiological, psychological, sociocultural, and developmental aspects of human beings.

Client

An individual, family, community, or society that interacts with the environment as an open system.

Health

The state of wellness or illness based on the health continuum.

Stressors

Forces that interact with a person’s health state, causing alterations in the system.

Intrapersonal Stressors

Stressors occurring within the person, relating to their psychospiritual being.

Primary Prevention

Prevention of potential health issues by addressing risk factors before they cause harm.

Secondary Prevention

Intervention after symptoms appear to alleviate the effects of stress reactions.

Tertiary Prevention

Adjustments and treatments provided after health issues occur to aid recovery.

Flexible Line of Defense

A boundary that protects the client's normal line of defense against stressors.

Normal Line of Defense

The baseline assessment of a client's wellness within the health continuum.

Line of Resistance

Protective mechanisms activated when the normal line of defense is compromised.

Basic/Core Structure of Client System

Comprises survival factors and system variables influencing health outcomes.

Reconstitution

The process of adjustment and recovery following exposure to stressors.