Edexcel GCSE Dt: 1.3 (copy)

What are the three types of non - renewable energy sources

* coal
* oil
* gas

How is coal converted to energy ?

\n Heat energy and hot gases convert water into steam which powers a turbine to create high-voltage electricity

•Smaller amounts used as a domestic heat source

What are the advantages and disadvantages of coal ?

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Advantages

* stable, large scale and high - power electricty generation


* reatevily cheap to extract and convert
* reliabe

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Disadvantages

* Emit pollution such as carbon dioxide, sulfur, mercury, selunium and arsenic
* technologies to reduce emmisions are expensive
* significant impact on landscapes

How is oil converted into energy ?

* Processed and split into petroleum products such as petrol, paraffin and disel
* In pwer plants oil is burnt to heat water and produce steam, which propels turbine blades to produce energy

What are the advantages and disadvantages of oil ?

Advantages

* stable, large scale and high - power electricty generation


* reatevily cheap to extract and convert

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Disadvantages

* Oil power plants are highly polluting
* Oil exploration impacts on the landscape
* Oil extraction risks environmental disaster

How is gas converted into energy

* Burning gas can power turbines, with the waste heat powering a steam turbine
* Natural gas is used in homes for heating or cooking
* It has lower emissions than other fossil fuels – its combustion emits carbon dioxide at half the rate of coal \n

What are the advantages and disadvantages of gas

Advantages

* Stable, large - scale and high-power electricity generation
* Relatively cheap to convert and extract as ready-made fuel
* Cleaner than coal or oil

Disadvantages

* Burning gases is highly polluting

What are the 6 types of renewable energy ?

* biomass
* biodisel
* tidal
* wind
* solar
* hydroelectric

What is biomass and how is it converted into energy

* •Organic matter derived from organisms, such as wood, crops, rubbish, landfill gas and alcohol fuels
* Can be used directly via combustion (of wood or biodegradable wastes) to produce heat, or convert to electricty

What are the advantages adn disadvanteges of biomass ?

Advantages

* waste from plants and farming can be used

Disadvantages

* large areas needed to cultivate crops
* emits fumes that ass to global warming

What is biodisel and how is it converted into energy

* made from natural elements such as plants, vegetables and fermented waste cooking oil
* Can be used in disel - powered vehicles without modifying the engine

What are the advantages and disadvanteges of biodiesel ?

Advantages

* uses waste from plants and farming
* does not give off harmful chemicals

Disadvantages

* large areas neededt o cultivate crops

What is Tidal and how is it converted into energy

* turbines generate electricty from the movement of tidal water
* Artificial tidal barrages are constructed across tidal rivers,bays and estuaries

What are the advantages and disadvanteges of Tidal ?

Advantages

* no emmisions
* powerful
* tides are predicatable and stable
* barrages have second purpose as a bridge

Disadvantages

* lower energy output than fossil fuels
* large barrages may have ecological impact
* expensive to build
* only accessible in coastal areas

What is Wind and how is it converted into energy

* wind turbines use propeller blades, which spin a shaft to create electricty though a generator

What are the advantages adn disadvanteges of wind ?

Advantages

* freely available
* can be used in remote areas
* no emmisions

Disadvantages

* Could restrict shipping traffic when placed in the sea
* Wind can be unpredictable
* Wind farms are often regarded as unsightly
* Expensive to set up

What is solar and how is it converted into energy

* Solar (photovoltaic) panels convert sunlight into electricity


* Solar thermal power plants use the sun’s rays to heat a fluid that is circulated through pipes, transferring heat to water and producing steam


* Steam is converted into mechanical energy in a turbine, which powers a generator to produce electricity

What are the advantages and disadvanteges of Solar ?

Advantages

* Reliable source of pwer in warmee countries
* Homes can have their own electricity supply
* More electricity is produced in stronger sunshine

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Disadvantages

* Could change ecology when large solar farms replace traditional farms
* Expensive to set up
* Effectiveness of power generation depends on geographical location

What is Hydroelectric and how is it converted into energy

* A dam traps water that flows through tunnels and turns turbines to make electricity

What are the advantages and disadvanteges of hydroelectric ?

Advantages

* Large amount of low-cost power
* Can have secondary purpose such as a water reserve

Disadvamtgaes

* Expensive to set up


* Construction may damage the environment

What are power systems

a network of components that supply, transfer and use electric power. These include batteries and cells, solar cells, wind power and mains electricity

What are 4 examples of power systems

* batteries and cells
* solar cells
* mains electricity
* wind power

Describe batteries and cells

Use chemical energy to make electricity.Two terminals, one positive (+) and onenegative (-). A chemical reaction produceselectrons that collect at the negativeterminal and when connected in a circuit will flow to the positive terminal. Expensive source of electricity that can lead to chemicals leaching into water and soil if not disposed of correctly

Describe solar cells

electronic device that can turn sunlight directly into electricity. contains two layers of silicon treated to allow electrons to flow when sunlight falls on them. provide free energy once initial costs are recovered.

Describe mains electricity

supplied fromvpower stations through the national grid, AC, 230v, 50Hz, items need to be plugged in to use it, harmful as produced by fossil fuels

Describe wind power

converts movements of the wind into electricity, wind turbines continously turn to generate the electricity. less useful on smaller scales, dependant on the strength of the wind

What are the 5 factors needed to be considered when choosing an energy source

* portability of power use
* environmental impact
* power impact: how much it produces
* circuit/ sytem connections: plugs
* cost