SOR Final

Knowledge is essential for comprehension.

 Readers use prior knowledge to:

• Make inferences.

• Connect ideas.

• Understand vocabulary.

• Monitor comprehension.

• Repair misunderstandings.

 Decoding alone does not guarantee comprehension.

Disciplinary literacy

Recognizes that different fields build and communicate knowledge differently.

Literature, history, and science have

different ways of evaluating evidence and communicating knowledge.

tudents need explicit instruction in disciplinary literacy

they do not automatically develop these skills.

 Integrating literacy with science/social studies can improve

Both literacy and content achievement.

 Effective integrated programs include:

• Hands-on experiences

• Multiple texts

• Vocabulary

• Reading

• Writing

• Collaboration

• Evidence evaluation

• Student choice

• Disciplinary practices

Integrated instruction can be especially beneficial for

Emergent bilingual students when instruction is made comprehensible.

Prior knowledge

• Existing knowledge readers bring to a text.

Construction–Integration Theory

Readers combine text information with prior knowledge to create meaning.

Situation model

•  Mental representation created from text + prior knowledge + inferences.

Disciplinary literacy

Reading, writing, thinking, and communicating according to the practices of a specific discipline.

Epistemology

• Beliefs about how knowledge is created and communicated.

Inhibitory control

Ability to ignore irrelevant information.

Intrinsic motivation

•  Motivation that comes from within the individual.

Reliability

• Consistency of results.

Validity

•  Whether a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Science IDEAS

•  Integrated science + literacy program.

CORI

Content-Area Literacy Instruction

Emergent bilingual

• Students developing proficiency in English while drawing on their existing language knowledge.

Dialogic learning

•  Students and teachers exchange ideas, words, texts, or other media to build knowledge.

• Discussion helps students understand texts more deeply by sharing their thinking and listening to other perspectives.

• Explaining ideas and defending opinions helps students organize information and connect it to what they already know.

• Listening to others helps students consider different viewpoints.

Question-answering vs. true discussion

• Recitation (IRE): The teacher asks a question, a student answers, and the teacher evaluates the answer.

• True discussion: Students share ideas, respond to one another, explain their thinking, and consider different perspectives.

• Many classroom interactions that teachers call discussions are actually recitations.

• Simply having students talk more does not automatically improve comprehension.

• Teachers should use open-ended questions, follow-up questions, and opportunities for students to discuss ideas with one another.

Recitation (IRE)

• The teacher asks a question, a student answers, and the teacher evaluates the answer.

True discussion:

Students share ideas, respond to one another, explain their thinking, and consider different perspectives.

Dialogic learning:

• Learning through the social exchange of ideas.

Discussion

An exchange focused on a particular topic or question that values participation and different viewpoints.

Conversation:

An informal exchange of ideas that may move between topics.

Recitation

 A teacher-led question-and-answer routine in which the teacher evaluates student responses.

The goal is not just to get students talking;

 it is to help them think deeply, listen to one another, and build understanding together.

 instructional conversation (IC)

Is a teacher-supported discussion that helps students develop a deeper understanding of a story, its themes, and its important ideas.

 Discussion Web

 Is a graphic organizer and discussion strategy that combines reading, speaking, listening, and writing.

Dialogic learning is based on the idea

that social interaction helps people build knowledge.

What Is Disciplinary Literacy?

learning how to read, write, think, and communicate like experts in different subjects, such as English language arts (ELA), science, and social studies.

Five Expository Text Structures

Expository texts are nonfiction texts that explain or provide information.

Description

Sequence

Compare–contrast

Cause–effect

Problem–solution