History Reformation

fronce

Edward

Henry VIII’s son

Predestination

the belief that God already knows who will reach salvation

Theocracy

form of government where religious leaders control

Mary I

Henry VIII’s first daughter, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, attempted to convert England back to Christianity after Henry died.

Indulgences

documents sold by the church that would supposedly save people from purgatory and absolved most sins

Charles V

Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, devoutly Catholic, most powerful man in the world, also controlled Austria. Opposed the Reformation

annulment

the declaration of something (typically a marriage) to be void, as if it never happened

John Calvin

created his own protestant faith called Calvinism, wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion, believed in predestination

Anabaptists

protestant faith that was often hated by all: they were pacifists. They also believed that church and state should be separate. They lead to the creation of the Quakers.

95 Theses

text written by Martin Luther opposing indulgences and stating his alternate beliefs

Henry VIII

King of England, created the Anglican Church after wanting a divorce but not being granted one by the Pope. He had many wives, yet only 3 children.

John Knox

Leader who brought Protestantism to Scotland

the Inquisition

Catholic Court that went around hunted heretics: famous for the Spanish Inquisition and deeply feared by all

Peace of Augsburg

treaty that allowed the leaders of the states in the Holy Roman Empire to choose what faith they wanted to follow

Council of Trent

group of Catholic leaders who met to plan against the growing Protestant Reformation

Peasant’s status during the reformation

Still bad

German Peasants’ War

during the reformation, peasants saw a change, and decided to rise up against their rulers. Luther opposed them. They burned churches. They were crushed quickly, with up to 100,000 killed.

Relation between Henry, Charles, and the Pope

Henry VIII asked the Pope for an annulment, but Pope was afraid that Charles V would be mad, so he refused. Because of this, Henry broke of from the Catholics.

Problem 1 with the Church

the Church and the Pope were far too invested and involved into worldly issues, such as politics

Corruption in the Church

The church became incredibly wealthy off of the backs of their followers, leading high level church officials to have lavish lifestyles, with even lower clergy living better than those around them

Symony

the purchasing of positions in the church

Printing Press

made the bible available to many, interpretations began to vary, it was very difficult for the church to control the spread of ideas