Immunosuppressive Agents - Mackin

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Last updated 5:07 AM on 9/28/26
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8 Terms

1
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Cyclophosphamide

  • Mechanism of Action: Alkylating Agent

  • Indications:

    • Rarely used as immunosuppressive agent any more

    • Commonly used as anticancer agent

  • Important Side Effects:

    • Myelosuppression, gastrointestinal, hair loss

    • Sterile cystitis (cyclophosphamide-specific)


2
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Chlorambucil

  • Mechanism of Action: Alkylating Agent

  • Indications:

    • Immune skin disease (cats); IBD (dogs)

    • Commonly used as anticancer agent

  • Important Side Effects: Myelosuppression, gastrointestinal, hair loss

  • NO sterile cystitis


3
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Azathioprine

  • Mechanism of Action: Purine Synthesis Inhibitor (Lymphocyte Proliferation Inhibitor)

  • Indications: Commonly used immunosuppressive agent in dogs

  • Important Side Effects:

    • Hepatotoxicity (relatively common) - check ALT

    • myelosuppression (uncommon)

    • Very dangerous in cats


4
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Danazol

  • Mechanism of Action: Impeded Androgen

  • Indications: Rarely used as immunosuppressive agent any more

  • Important Side Effects: Hepatotoxicity, masculinization


5
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Vincristine

  • Mechanism of Action: Disrupts Microtubules (Tubulin Binding Agent)

  • Indications:

    • Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP)

    • Commonly used as anticancer agent

  • Important Side Effects:

    • Myelosuppression, neuropathy, extravasation

    • Dangerous in dogs with MDR1 gene mutation


6
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Cyclosporine

  • Mechanism of Action: Calcineurin Inhibitor (Inhibition of T-Cell Function: Cytokine Production)

  • Indications: Wide range of immune-mediated diseases

  • Important Side Effects: Gastrointestinal signs, gingival hyperplasia (rare)

  • DOES NOT suppress marrow


7
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Leflunomide

  • Mechanism of Action: Pyrimidine Synthesis Inhibitor (Lymphocyte Proliferation Inhibitor)

  • Indications: Wide range of immune-mediated diseases

  • Important Side Effects: Few yet identified (new drug)


8
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Mycophenolate

  • Mechanism of Action: Purine Synthesis Inhibitor (Lymphocyte Proliferation Inhibitor)

  • Indications: Wide range of immune-mediated diseases

  • Important Side Effects: Diarrhea